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Reverse Logistics Network Design and Simulation for Automatic Teller Machines Based on Carbon Emission and Economic Benefits: A Study of the Anhui Province ATMs Industry

Author

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  • Shouxu Song

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)

  • Yongting Tian

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)

  • Dan Zhou

    (School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)

Abstract

In recent years, mobile payments have gradually replaced cash payments, resulting in a gradual decline in the number of automatic teller machines (ATMs) demanded by banks. Through investigation and analysis, we determine four means to deal with decommissioned ATMs, and construct thereafter an ATM reverse logistics (RL_ATMs) network model, which includes suppliers, producers, warehouses, operators, maintenance centers, collection and inspection centers, disposal centers, remanufacturing centers, and recycling centers. This model is further expressed as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model. Given that an ATM recycling network has planned and batched characteristics, a percentage diversion method is proposed to transform a real multi-cycle problem to a single-cycle problem. The RL_ATMs network constructed in this study presents the two forms of ATMs, functional modules and the entire machine. We used the actual situations of the related companies and enterprises in Anhui Province and its surrounding areas, as well as major banks’ ATMs, as bases in using the LINGO software to solve the proposed MILP model with the objective function of minimizing costs and environmental emissions, and obtain the relevant companies’ launch operations. Lastly, we analyzed the relationship between coefficients in the percentage diversion method and calculation results, cost, and carbon emissions. Accordingly, we find that the number of remanufacturing and maintenance centers has no evident impact on the objective function, transportation costs account for a large proportion of the total cost, and emissions tax is small.

Suggested Citation

  • Shouxu Song & Yongting Tian & Dan Zhou, 2021. "Reverse Logistics Network Design and Simulation for Automatic Teller Machines Based on Carbon Emission and Economic Benefits: A Study of the Anhui Province ATMs Industry," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(20), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:20:p:11373-:d:656623
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    7. Fleischmann, Moritz & Bloemhof-Ruwaard, Jacqueline M. & Dekker, Rommert & van der Laan, Erwin & van Nunen, Jo A. E. E. & Van Wassenhove, Luk N., 1997. "Quantitative models for reverse logistics: A review," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 103(1), pages 1-17, November.
    8. Bandar Alkhayyal, 2019. "Corporate Social Responsibility Practices in the U.S.: Using Reverse Supply Chain Network Design and Optimization Considering Carbon Cost," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-22, April.
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    1. Beste Desticioglu & Hatice Calipinar & Bahar Ozyoruk & Erdinc Koc, 2022. "Model for Reverse Logistic Problem of Recycling under Stochastic Demand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-19, April.

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