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Application of the DEA Model in Tourism SMEs: An Empirical Study from Slovakia in the Context of Business Sustainability

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  • Ján Dobrovič

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic)

  • Veronika Čabinová

    (Department of Development, Informatization and Quality Assessment, University of Prešov in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Peter Gallo

    (Institute of Educology and Social Work, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Petra Partlová

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic)

  • Jan Váchal

    (Department of Management, Faculty of Corporate Strategy, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01 České Budějovice, Czech Republic)

  • Beáta Balogová

    (Institute of Educology and Social Work, Faculty of Arts, University of Prešov in Prešov, 080 01 Prešov, Slovakia)

  • Jozef Orgonáš

    (Faculty of Commerce, University of Economics in Bratislava, Dolnozemská Cesta 1, 852 35 Bratislava, Slovakia)

Abstract

Slovak spa services are not given sufficient attention directly following the support and sustainable development. The paper focuses on the evaluation of the overall development and current level of efficiency of the Slovak spas in 2013–2018, through the application of DEA models. Input variables (total number of beds, employees, medical staff) and output variables (use of bed capacity, number of treated clients) within the structure of DEA models analyzed (CCR-I, CCR-O, BCC-I, BCC-O) are determined by results of the correlation analysis. The data were obtained from the annual reports of the spa enterprises. By the results, the average efficiency score for all enterprises reached 0.7527, i.e., the average spa enterprise would need only 75.27% of currently used inputs for a given output production to move to the efficiency frontier. The development of the average efficiency score confirmed a positive growing trend until 2015; however, the efficiency decreased by 1.84% in a year-to-year comparison in 2016–2018. In each year of the analyzed period, the number of inefficient enterprises (66.67%) exceeded that of the efficient ones (33.33%). Through research carried out in spa facilities, the authors contributed to expanding the application of the DEA method in another tourism sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Ján Dobrovič & Veronika Čabinová & Peter Gallo & Petra Partlová & Jan Váchal & Beáta Balogová & Jozef Orgonáš, 2021. "Application of the DEA Model in Tourism SMEs: An Empirical Study from Slovakia in the Context of Business Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-19, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:13:y:2021:i:13:p:7422-:d:587411
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