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Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms

Author

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  • Ankita Shrestha

    (Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada)

  • Mieke C. A. A. van-Eerten Jansen

    (Lectorate Sustainable Production in the AgriFood Sector, HAS University of Applied Sciences, Onderwijsboulevard 221, 5223 DE ’s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands)

  • Bishnu Acharya

    (Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada)

Abstract

Bioplastics are gaining interest as an alternative to fossil-based plastics. In addition, biodegradable bioplastics may yield biogas after their use, giving an additional benefit. However, the biodegradability time in international norms (35 days) far exceeds processing times in anaerobic digestion facilities (21 days). As the bioplastic packaging does not indicate the actual biodegradability, it is important to understand the time required to biodegrade bioplastic if it ends up in the anaerobic digestion facility along with other organic waste. For this work, cellulose bioplastic film and polylactic acid (PLA) coffee capsules were digested anaerobically at 55 ℃ for 21 days and 35 days, which are the retention times for industrial digestors and as set by international norms, respectively. Different sizes of bioplastics were examined for this work. Bioplastic film produced more biogas than bioplastic coffee capsules. The biodegradability of bioplastic was calculated based on theoretical biogas production. With an increase in retention time, biogas production, as well as biodegradability of bioplastic, increased. The biodegradability was less than 50% at the end of 35 days for both bioplastics, suggesting that complete degradation was not achieved, and thus, the bioplastic would not be suitable for use in biogas digesters currently in use.

Suggested Citation

  • Ankita Shrestha & Mieke C. A. A. van-Eerten Jansen & Bishnu Acharya, 2020. "Biodegradation of Bioplastic Using Anaerobic Digestion at Retention Time as per Industrial Biogas Plant and International Norms," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(10), pages 1-9, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:12:y:2020:i:10:p:4231-:d:361257
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Laurent Lebreton & Anthony Andrady, 2019. "Future scenarios of global plastic waste generation and disposal," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 5(1), pages 1-11, December.
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    1. Benjamin Nachod & Emily Keller & Amro Hassanein & Stephanie Lansing, 2021. "Assessment of Petroleum-Based Plastic and Bioplastics Degradation Using Anaerobic Digestion," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(23), pages 1-14, December.
    2. Halayit Abrha & Jonnathan Cabrera & Yexin Dai & Muhammad Irfan & Abrham Toma & Shipu Jiao & Xianhua Liu, 2022. "Bio-Based Plastics Production, Impact and End of Life: A Literature Review and Content Analysis," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Angeliki Maragkaki & Christos Tsompanidis & Kelly Velonia & Thrassyvoulos Manios, 2023. "Pilot-Scale Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Food Waste and Polylactic Acid," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(14), pages 1-11, July.
    4. Grażyna Kędzia & Barbara Ocicka & Aneta Pluta-Zaremba & Marta Raźniewska & Jolanta Turek & Beata Wieteska-Rosiak, 2022. "Social Innovations for Improving Compostable Packaging Waste Management in CE: A Multi-Solution Perspective," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-19, December.
    5. Raj, Tirath & Chandrasekhar, K. & Naresh Kumar, A. & Kim, Sang-Hyoun, 2022. "Lignocellulosic biomass as renewable feedstock for biodegradable and recyclable plastics production: A sustainable approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    6. Gregor Drago Zupančič & Anamarija Lončar & Sandra Budžaki & Mario Panjičko, 2022. "Biopolymers Produced by Treating Waste Brewer’s Yeast with Active Sludge Bacteria: The Qualitative Analysis and Evaluation of the Potential for 3D Printing," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-16, July.

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