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Potential Utilization of RDF as an Alternative Fuel to be Used in Cement Industry in Jordan

Author

Listed:
  • Safwat Hemidat

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

  • Motasem Saidan

    (Chemical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Salam Al-Zu’bi

    (Civil Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Mahmoud Irshidat

    (Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan)

  • Abdallah Nassour

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

  • Michael Nelles

    (Department of Waste and Resource Management, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany)

Abstract

This experimental research aimed to examine potential production and utilization of RDF derived from mixed municipal solid waste using bio-drying technology to be used as a substitute fuel for the traditional fuel currently used in cement plants in Jordan. The characteristics of RDF produced were identified and compared with limits and criteria set by some European countries. An economic model for RDF utilization in cement industry was created. The model proposes six different options resulting from adding RDF as a substitute fuel for the petcoke fuel currently used. A cost analysis for each option proposed was performed to estimate the economic and environmental savings of RDF utilization in cement industry. At the end of the bio-drying process, the mass of dried waste directed to the landfill was reduced by about 35%. In the case of the recovery of RDF materials from dried waste, the mass of waste to be landfilled was reduced by 69%. The bio-drying process allowed an increase in the heating value of waste (LHV) by 58% to reach 15.58 MJ/kg, as a result of the reduction of waste moisture. RDF produced had high calorific value, low water content, and satisfactory chlorine content. With regard to the concentration of the heavy metals, all of the RDF samples tested had lower concentrations than those values set by some European countries. The findings showed that adding 15% RDF as a substitute fuel, equaling 4.92 tons/h, to the fuel used in cement kilns will save 486 USD/h in petcoke costs, with 2.27 tons/h of CO 2 being emitted into the atmosphere at a net saving of 389 USD/h.

Suggested Citation

  • Safwat Hemidat & Motasem Saidan & Salam Al-Zu’bi & Mahmoud Irshidat & Abdallah Nassour & Michael Nelles, 2019. "Potential Utilization of RDF as an Alternative Fuel to be Used in Cement Industry in Jordan," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(20), pages 1-23, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:11:y:2019:i:20:p:5819-:d:278470
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Tareq K. Al-Awad & Motasem N. Saidan & Brian J. Gareau, 2018. "Halon management and ozone-depleting substances control in Jordan," International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, Springer, vol. 18(3), pages 391-408, June.
    2. Aranda Usón, Alfonso & López-Sabirón, Ana M. & Ferreira, Germán & Llera Sastresa, Eva, 2013. "Uses of alternative fuels and raw materials in the cement industry as sustainable waste management options," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 242-260.
    3. Madlool, N.A. & Saidur, R. & Hossain, M.S. & Rahim, N.A., 2011. "A critical review on energy use and savings in the cement industries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 2042-2060, May.
    4. Al-Hamamre, Zayed & Saidan, Motasem & Hararah, Muhanned & Rawajfeh, Khaled & Alkhasawneh, Hussam E. & Al-Shannag, Mohammad, 2017. "Wastes and biomass materials as sustainable-renewable energy resources for Jordan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 295-314.
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    Cited by:

    1. Marcin Jewiarz & Krzysztof Mudryk & Marek Wróbel & Jarosław Frączek & Krzysztof Dziedzic, 2020. "Parameters Affecting RDF-Based Pellet Quality," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(4), pages 1-17, February.
    2. Safwat Hemidat & Ouafa Achouri & Loubna El Fels & Sherien Elagroudy & Mohamed Hafidi & Benabbas Chaouki & Mostafa Ahmed & Isla Hodgkinson & Jinyang Guo, 2022. "Solid Waste Management in the Context of a Circular Economy in the MENA Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(1), pages 1-24, January.
    3. Nehdi, Moncef L. & Marani, Afshin & Zhang, Lei, 2024. "Is net-zero feasible: Systematic review of cement and concrete decarbonization technologies," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    4. Inna Pitak & Gintaras Denafas & Arūnas Baltušnikas & Marius Praspaliauskas & Stasė-Irena Lukošiūtė, 2023. "Proposal for Implementation of Extraction Mechanism of Raw Materials during Landfill Mining and Its Application in Alternative Fuel Production," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-22, March.
    5. Chavando, José Antonio Mayoral & Silva, Valter Bruno & Tarelho, Luís A.C. & Cardoso, João Sousa & Eusébio, Daniela, 2022. "Snapshot review of refuse-derived fuels," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    6. Joan Esteban-Altabella & Francisco J Colomer-Mendoza & Antonio Gallardo & Natalia Edo-Alcón, 2020. "Behavior of Rejects from a Biological-Mechanical Treatment Plant on the Landfill to Laboratory Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-14, January.
    7. Ana María Castañón & Lluís Sanmiquel & Marc Bascompta & Antonio Vega y de la Fuente & Víctor Contreras & Fernando Gómez-Fernández, 2021. "Used Tires as Fuel in Clinker Production: Economic and Environmental Implications," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-13, September.
    8. Khadija Sarquah & Satyanarayana Narra & Gesa Beck & Uduak Bassey & Edward Antwi & Michael Hartmann & Nana Sarfo Agyemang Derkyi & Edward A. Awafo & Michael Nelles, 2022. "Characterization of Municipal Solid Waste and Assessment of Its Potential for Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Valorization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.

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