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Gender Differences in Longitudinal Links between Neighborhood Fear, Parental Support, and Depression among African American Emerging Adults

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  • Shervin Assari

    (Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, 4250 Plymouth Rd., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2700, USA
    Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
    Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA)

  • Jocelyn R. Smith

    (Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA)

  • Cleopatra Howard Caldwell

    (Center for Research on Ethnicity, Culture and Health, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
    Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA)

  • Marc A. Zimmerman

    (Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
    Youth Violence Prevention Center, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA)

Abstract

The transition to adulthood is a developmental period marked by increased stress, especially among African Americans. In addition to stress related to emerging adulthood, neighborhood fear may contribute to depressive symptoms for African Americans. We examined gender differences in longitudinal associations between changes in perceived neighborhood fear, parental support, and depressive symptoms among African American youth who were in transition to adulthood. Five hundred and thirteen African American youths (235 males and 278 females) were included in the study. An increase in perceived neighborhood fear was associated with an increase in depressive symptoms, and change in perceived maternal support was predictive of depressive symptoms among males, but not females. The findings suggest that policies and programs should help parents provide support to young adult children who live in violent neighborhoods as a strategy to prevent depressive symptoms during emerging adulthood.

Suggested Citation

  • Shervin Assari & Jocelyn R. Smith & Cleopatra Howard Caldwell & Marc A. Zimmerman, 2015. "Gender Differences in Longitudinal Links between Neighborhood Fear, Parental Support, and Depression among African American Emerging Adults," Societies, MDPI, vol. 5(1), pages 1-20, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jsoctx:v:5:y:2015:i:1:p:151-170:d:46878
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Park, So-Young & Lee, Jungup & Cheah, Charissa S.L., 2021. "The long-term effects of perceived parental control and warmth on self-esteem and depressive symptoms among Asian American youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    2. Martine Shareck & Eliana Aubé & Stephanie Sersli, 2023. "Neighborhood Physical and Social Environments and Social Inequalities in Health in Older Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(8), pages 1-20, April.
    3. Robert F. Valois & Jelani C. Kerr & Michael P. Carey & Larry K. Brown & Daniel Romer & Ralph J. DiClemente & Peter A. Vanable, 2020. "Neighborhood Stress and Life Satisfaction: Is there a Relationship for African American Adolescents?," Applied Research in Quality of Life, Springer;International Society for Quality-of-Life Studies, vol. 15(1), pages 273-296, March.
    4. Shervin Assari & Jalal Haidar, 2018. "History of Non-Fatal Physical Assault Is Associated with Premature Mortality for Whites but Not Blacks," J, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-13, September.
    5. Shi-Min Chen & Pei-Zhen Sun, 2019. "Gender differences in the interaction effect of cumulative risk and problem-focused coping on depression among adult employees," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 14(12), pages 1-16, December.

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