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Geographical Juxtaposition: A New Direction in CPTED

Author

Listed:
  • Paul Cozens

    (School of Design and the Built Environment, Faculty of Humanities, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia)

  • Terence Love

    (Design Out Crime and CPTED Centre, 14 Michael St, Beaconsfield, WA 6162, Australia)

  • Brent Davern

    (School of Design and the Built Environment, Faculty of Humanities, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia)

Abstract

This paper explores Oscar Newman’s Defensible Space (1972) concept of geographical juxtaposition (GJ) highlighting a significant lack of research within the criminological literature over the last 50 years. We argue the concept is a key foundation in understanding crime and crime prevention theories and in developing crime prevention strategies. Findings from a systematic review of the literature are presented to illustrate the paucity of research into geographical juxtaposition. We develop and extend the concept of geographical juxtaposition beyond that originally coined by Newman to include all immediate, local, distant, and remote environmental (physical) factors. Additionally, we demonstrate, by reference to practical criminological situations, the significant and extensive role of our revised concept of geographical juxtaposition. In particular, we point to the way that focusing on geographical juxtaposition identifies serious problems in many taken-for-granted assumptions in planning theory and practice. In exploring the concept of geographical juxtaposition, we highlight ten ways it can affect crime risks and six ways using geographical juxtaposition can benefit efforts to apply crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) more successfully when conducting a crime risk assessment. Finally, this paper briefly discusses four new CPTED principles, which emerge from our exploration of geographical juxtaposition. We identify new classes of CPTED methods and new ways of analyzing crime and offer the basis for new criminological theories.

Suggested Citation

  • Paul Cozens & Terence Love & Brent Davern, 2019. "Geographical Juxtaposition: A New Direction in CPTED," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(9), pages 1-22, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jscscx:v:8:y:2019:i:9:p:252-:d:263537
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Johanna Lacoe & Ingrid Gould Ellen, 2015. "Mortgage Foreclosures and the Changing Mix of Crime in Micro-Neighborhoods," Mathematica Policy Research Reports 93858cf01b5a4446b4060d29f, Mathematica Policy Research.
    2. Phillips, David C. & Sandler, Danielle, 2015. "Does public transit spread crime? Evidence from temporary rail station closures," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 13-26.
    3. Paul Cozens, 2011. "Urban Planning and Environmental Criminology: Towards a New Perspective for Safer Cities," Planning Practice & Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 26(4), pages 481-508.
    4. Mateja Mihinjac & Gregory Saville, 2019. "Third-Generation Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED)," Social Sciences, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-20, June.
    5. Ellen, Ingrid Gould & Lacoe, Johanna & Sharygin, Claudia Ayanna, 2013. "Do foreclosures cause crime?," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 59-70.
    6. Spelman, William, 1993. "Abandoned buildings: Magnets for crime?," Journal of Criminal Justice, Elsevier, vol. 21(5), pages 481-495.
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