IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jrisks/v7y2019i3p77-d246370.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Bankruptcy Risk, Its Financial Determinants and Reporting Delays: Do Managers Have Anything to Hide?

Author

Listed:
  • Oliver Lukason

    (Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, University of Tartu, Tartu 50409, Estonia)

  • María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano

    (Accounting and Finance Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain)

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate whether firms’ reporting delays are interconnected with bankruptcy risk and its financial determinants. This study was based on 698,189 firm-year observations from Estonia. Annual report submission delay, either in a binary or ordinal form, was used as the dependent variable, while bankruptcy risk based on an international model or the financial ratios determining it were the independent variables. The findings indicated that firms with lower values of liquidity and annual and accumulated profitability were more likely to delay the submission of an annual report over the legal deadline. In turn, firm leverage was not interconnected with reporting delays. In addition, firms with a higher risk of bankruptcy were more likely to delay the submission of their annual reports. Firms with different ages, sizes and industries varied in respect to the obtained results. Different stakeholders should be aware that when reporting delays occur, these can be conditioned by higher bankruptcy risk or poor performance, and thus, for instance, crediting such firms should be treated with caution. State institutions controlling timely submission should take strict(er) measures in cases of firms delaying for a lengthy period.

Suggested Citation

  • Oliver Lukason & María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano, 2019. "Bankruptcy Risk, Its Financial Determinants and Reporting Delays: Do Managers Have Anything to Hide?," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(3), pages 1-15, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:7:y:2019:i:3:p:77-:d:246370
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/7/3/77/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9091/7/3/77/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Skinner, Dj, 1994. "Why Firms Voluntarily Disclose Bad-News," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 32(1), pages 38-60.
    2. Smith, Clifford Jr. & Watts, Ross L., 1992. "The investment opportunity set and corporate financing, dividend, and compensation policies," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 263-292, December.
    3. Stephen Owusu-Ansah, 2000. "Timeliness of corporate financial reporting in emerging capital markets: empirical evidence from the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(3), pages 241-254.
    4. Lukason, Oliver & Laitinen, Erkki K., 2019. "Firm failure processes and components of failure risk: An analysis of European bankrupt firms," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 380-390.
    5. Berger, Allen N. & Udell, Gregory F., 2006. "A more complete conceptual framework for SME finance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 30(11), pages 2945-2966, November.
    6. Peel, MJ & Peel, DA & Pope, PF, 1986. "Predicting corporate failure-- Some results for the UK corporate sector," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 5-12.
    7. Lawrence, Ec, 1983. "Reporting Delays For Failed Firms," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 21(2), pages 606-610.
    8. Bipin Ajinkya & Sanjeev Bhojraj & Partha Sengupta, 2005. "The Association between Outside Directors, Institutional Investors and the Properties of Management Earnings Forecasts," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 43(3), pages 343-376, June.
    9. Balcaen, Sofie & Ooghe, Hubert, 2006. "35 years of studies on business failure: an overview of the classic statistical methodologies and their related problems," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 63-93.
    10. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy: A Discriminant Analysis," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(1), pages 193-194, March.
    11. Skinner, Douglas J., 1997. "Earnings disclosures and stockholder lawsuits," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 249-282, November.
    12. Doris M. Merkl-Davies & Niamh Brennan, 2007. "Discretionary disclosure strategies in corporate narratives : incremental information or impression management?," Open Access publications 10197/2907, Research Repository, University College Dublin.
    13. Begoña Giner Inchausti, 1997. "The influence of company characteristics and accounting regulation on information disclosed by Spanish firms," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 6(1), pages 45-68, May.
    14. Nada Mselmi & Amine Lahiani & Taher Hamza, 2017. "Financial distress prediction: The case of French small and medium-sized firms," Post-Print hal-03529325, HAL.
    15. Linsley, Philip M. & Shrives, Philip J., 2006. "Risk reporting: A study of risk disclosures in the annual reports of UK companies," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 387-404.
    16. Elliott, Ja, 1982. "Subject To Audit Opinions And Abnormal Security Returns - Outcomes And Ambiguities," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(2), pages 617-638.
    17. Conover, C. Mitchell & Miller, Robert E. & Szakmary, Andrew, 2008. "The timeliness of accounting disclosures in international security markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 17(5), pages 849-869, December.
    18. Mark Clatworthy & Michael Jones, 2003. "Financial reporting of good news and bad news: evidence from accounting narratives," Accounting and Business Research, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 33(3), pages 171-185.
    19. Soltani, Bahram, 2002. "Timeliness of corporate and audit reports: Some empirical evidence in the French context," The International Journal of Accounting, Elsevier, vol. 37(2), pages 215-246.
    20. Stephen Owusu-Ansah & Stergios Leventis, 2006. "Timeliness of corporate annual financial reporting in Greece," European Accounting Review, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(2), pages 273-287.
    21. Pindado, Julio & Rodrigues, Luis & de la Torre, Chabela, 2008. "Estimating financial distress likelihood," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 61(9), pages 995-1003, September.
    22. Mselmi, Nada & Lahiani, Amine & Hamza, Taher, 2017. "Financial distress prediction: The case of French small and medium-sized firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 67-80.
    23. Healy, Paul M. & Palepu, Krishna G., 2001. "Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital markets: A review of the empirical disclosure literature," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 31(1-3), pages 405-440, September.
    24. Scott, James, 1981. "The probability of bankruptcy: A comparison of empirical predictions and theoretical models," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 5(3), pages 317-344, September.
    25. Jensen, Michael C. & Meckling, William H., 1976. "Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(4), pages 305-360, October.
    26. Hopwood, Anthony G., 2000. "Understanding financial accounting practice," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 25(8), pages 763-766, November.
    27. Nada Mselmi & Amine Lahiani & Taher Hamza, 2017. "Financial distress prediction: The case of French small and medium-sized firms," Post-Print hal-03380580, HAL.
    28. Edward I. Altman, 1968. "Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis And The Prediction Of Corporate Bankruptcy," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 23(4), pages 589-609, September.
    29. Dimitras, A. I. & Zanakis, S. H. & Zopounidis, C., 1996. "A survey of business failures with an emphasis on prediction methods and industrial applications," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 90(3), pages 487-513, May.
    30. Ohlson, Ja, 1980. "Financial Ratios And The Probabilistic Prediction Of Bankruptcy," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(1), pages 109-131.
    31. du Jardin, Philippe, 2015. "Bankruptcy prediction using terminal failure processes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(1), pages 286-303.
    32. Peel, M. J. & Peel, D. A., 1988. "A multilogit approach to predicting corporate failure--Some evidence for the UK corporate sector," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 309-318.
    33. Laitinen, Erkki K. & Suvas, Arto, 2016. "Financial distress prediction in an international context: Moderating effects of Hofstede’s original cultural dimensions," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 9(C), pages 98-118.
    34. Darrough, Masako N. & Stoughton, Neal M., 1990. "Financial disclosure policy in an entry game," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 12(1-3), pages 219-243, January.
    35. Dyer, Jc & Mchugh, Aj, 1975. "Timeliness Of Australian Annual-Report," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 13(2), pages 204-219.
    36. Skinner, Douglas J., 1993. "The investment opportunity set and accounting procedure choice : Preliminary evidence," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 407-445, October.
    37. Clatworthy, Mark A. & Peel, Michael J., 2016. "The timeliness of UK private company financial reporting: Regulatory and economic influences," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 297-315.
    38. Chiaramonte, Laura & Casu, Barbara, 2017. "Capital and liquidity ratios and financial distress. Evidence from the European banking industry," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 49(2), pages 138-161.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Elsayed, Mohamed & Elshandidy, Tamer, 2020. "Do narrative-related disclosures predict corporate failure? Evidence from UK non-financial publicly quoted firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    2. Anh Huu Nguyen & Hieu Thanh Nguyen & Chung Quang Tran & Lien Quynh Le, 2022. "Determinants of Time for Publication Annual Reports: Empirical Evidence from Non-Financial Listed Companies in Vietnam," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-21, June.
    3. Katarina Valaskova & Pavol Durana & Peter Adamko & Jaroslav Jaros, 2020. "Financial Compass for Slovak Enterprises: Modeling Economic Stability of Agricultural Entities," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(5), pages 1-16, May.
    4. Oliver Lukason & María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano, 2021. "What Best Explains Reporting Delays? A SME Population Level Study of Different Factors," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, April.
    5. Mahdi Salehi & Grzegorz Zimon & Hossein Tarighi & Javad Gholamzadeh, 2022. "The Effect of Mandatory Audit Firm Rotation on Earnings Management and Audit Fees: Evidence from Iran," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(3), pages 1-20, February.
    6. Thomas Selleslagh & Stefanie Ceustermans & Lara Stas, 2021. "Not All Late Filers Are the Same: Distinguishing between Differences in Filing Behaviour," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(19), pages 1-21, September.
    7. Susana Escaloni & Mercedes Mareque, 2021. "Audit Report Lag. Differential Analysis between Spanish SMEs and Non-SMEs," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(22), pages 1-21, November.
    8. Oliver Lukason & María-del-Mar Camacho-Miñano, 2020. "Corporate Governance Characteristics of Private SMEs’ Annual Report Submission Violations," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(10), pages 1-19, September.
    9. Oliver Lukason & Art Andresson, 2019. "Tax Arrears Versus Financial Ratios in Bankruptcy Prediction," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, December.
    10. Zhang, Dongyang, 2023. "Subsidy expiration and greenwashing decision: Is there a role of bankruptcy risk?," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    11. Keijo Kohv & Oliver Lukason, 2021. "What Best Predicts Corporate Bank Loan Defaults? An Analysis of Three Different Variable Domains," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(2), pages 1-19, January.
    12. Oliver Lukason & Germo Valgenberg, 2021. "Failure Prediction in the Condition of Information Asymmetry: Tax Arrears as a Substitute When Financial Ratios Are Outdated," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-13, October.
    13. Katarina Valaskova & Dominika Gajdosikova & Jaroslav Belas, 2023. "Bankruptcy prediction in the post-pandemic period: A case study of Visegrad Group countries," Oeconomia Copernicana, Institute of Economic Research, vol. 14(1), pages 253-293, March.
    14. Tanzina Haque, 2023. "“Impact of Bankruptcy Risk on Reporting Aelay: An Empirical Evidence from Engineering Industry in Bangladesh.â€," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(8), pages 1538-1552, August.
    15. Michał Baran & Kinga Bauer, 2021. "The Role of Information in Assessing the Risk of Conducting Bankruptcy Proceedings," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-18, April.
    16. Ahsan Akbar & Minhas Akbar & Marina Nazir & Petra Poulova & Samrat Ray, 2021. "Does Working Capital Management Influence Operating and Market Risk of Firms?," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-20, November.
    17. Õie Renata Siimon & Oliver Lukason, 2021. "A Decision Support System for Corporate Tax Arrears Prediction," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-23, July.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tanzina Haque, 2023. "“Impact of Bankruptcy Risk on Reporting Aelay: An Empirical Evidence from Engineering Industry in Bangladesh.â€," International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), vol. 7(8), pages 1538-1552, August.
    2. Youssef Zizi & Amine Jamali-Alaoui & Badreddine El Goumi & Mohamed Oudgou & Abdeslam El Moudden, 2021. "An Optimal Model of Financial Distress Prediction: A Comparative Study between Neural Networks and Logistic Regression," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Oliver Lukason & Art Andresson, 2019. "Tax Arrears Versus Financial Ratios in Bankruptcy Prediction," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(4), pages 1-13, December.
    4. Khoja, Layla & Chipulu, Maxwell & Jayasekera, Ranadeva, 2019. "Analysis of financial distress cross countries: Using macroeconomic, industrial indicators and accounting data," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    5. García-Gallego, Ana & Mures-Quintana, María-Jesús, 2013. "La muestra de empresas en los modelos de predicción del fracaso: influencia en los resultados de clasificación || The Sample of Firms in Business Failure Prediction Models: Influence on Classification," Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa = Journal of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Department of Quantitative Methods for Economics and Business Administration, vol. 15(1), pages 133-150, June.
    6. ElBannan, Mona A., 2021. "On the prediction of financial distress in emerging markets: What matters more? Empirical evidence from Arab spring countries," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 47(C).
    7. Bravo-Urquiza, Francisco & Moreno-Ureba, Elena, 2021. "Does compliance with corporate governance codes help to mitigate financial distress?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    8. Sanjay Sehgal & Ritesh Kumar Mishra & Ajay Jaisawal, 2021. "A search for macroeconomic determinants of corporate financial distress," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 435-461, December.
    9. Francesco Ciampi & Valentina Cillo & Fabio Fiano, 2020. "Combining Kohonen maps and prior payment behavior for small enterprise default prediction," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1007-1039, April.
    10. Elsayed, Mohamed & Elshandidy, Tamer, 2020. "Do narrative-related disclosures predict corporate failure? Evidence from UK non-financial publicly quoted firms," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    11. Kim, Irene & Skinner, Douglas J., 2012. "Measuring securities litigation risk," Journal of Accounting and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 290-310.
    12. Andy Lardon & Marc Deloof, 2014. "Financial disclosure by SMEs listed on a semi-regulated market: evidence from the Euronext Free Market," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 42(2), pages 361-385, February.
    13. Serrano-Cinca, Carlos & Gutiérrez-Nieto, Begoña & Bernate-Valbuena, Martha, 2019. "The use of accounting anomalies indicators to predict business failure," European Management Journal, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 353-375.
    14. Youssef Zizi & Mohamed Oudgou & Abdeslam El Moudden, 2020. "Determinants and Predictors of SMEs’ Financial Failure: A Logistic Regression Approach," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(4), pages 1-21, October.
    15. Mohammad Mahdi Mousavi & Jamal Ouenniche & Kaoru Tone, 2023. "A dynamic performance evaluation of distress prediction models," Journal of Forecasting, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 756-784, July.
    16. Omaima Hassan & Claire Marston, 2010. "Disclosure measurement in the empirical accounting literature - a review article," Accountancy Discussion Papers 1004, Accountancy Research Group, Heriot Watt University.
    17. Vladislav V. Afanasev & Yulia A. Tarasova, 2022. "Default Prediction for Housing and Utilities Management Firms Using Non-Financial Data," Finansovyj žhurnal — Financial Journal, Financial Research Institute, Moscow 125375, Russia, issue 6, pages 91-110, December.
    18. Encarna Guillamón-Saorín & Carlos M. P. Sousa, 2014. "Voluntary Disclosure of Press Releases and the Importance of Timing: A Comparative Study of the UK and Spain," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 54(1), pages 71-106, February.
    19. du Jardin, Philippe, 2015. "Bankruptcy prediction using terminal failure processes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(1), pages 286-303.
    20. Alexandra Horobet & Stefania Cristina Curea & Alexandra Smedoiu Popoviciu & Cosmin-Alin Botoroga & Lucian Belascu & Dan Gabriel Dumitrescu, 2021. "Solvency Risk and Corporate Performance: A Case Study on European Retailers," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-34, November.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:7:y:2019:i:3:p:77-:d:246370. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.