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Financial Planning for Retirement: The Mediating Role of Culture

Author

Listed:
  • Ahmad Ghadwan

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Mohamed Hisham Hanifa

    (Department of Finance, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Malaya in Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

Abstract

The life expectancy rate of individuals worldwide has risen, and Saudi Arabia is not excluded. Rising long-life expectancy may jeopardize employees’ pensions and reduce the chances of adequate earnings and a decent life after retirement. Moreover, the number of employees, who have paid into pension funds and are now retired, has increased, indicating that pension funds are expected to decrease. Apart from the above, the level of financial literacy in Saudi Arabia was substandard. Therefore, the ultimate objective of this research is to examine the measurable factors that could impact employees in their financial planning for retirement (FPR). These factors comprise the employee’s financial literacy (FL), financial risk tolerance (FRT), and cultural factors based on the CWO model. Moreover, this study aims to investigate the mediating roles of culture in their relationship with financial planning for retirement. Primary data was collected during the COVID-19 pandemic from mid-July 2020 until the end of January 2021 using a non-probability convenience sampling approach involving 525 participants. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) technique was used to analyze the data. To determine the type of study variables, either a formative or reflective model of Confirmatory Tetrad Analysis (CTA-PLS) was used. The results show the significant influence of basic FL, FRT, and culture on FPR. Moreover, it shows the critical role of culture among those with advanced FL and FRT. Previous studies have examined FL and FRT in FPR without considering the effect of culture as a mediator.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad Ghadwan & Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad & Mohamed Hisham Hanifa, 2022. "Financial Planning for Retirement: The Mediating Role of Culture," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-20, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jrisks:v:10:y:2022:i:5:p:104-:d:817386
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ahmad Saleh Ghadwan & Wan Marhaini Wan Ahmad & Mohamed Hisham Hanifa, 2023. "Financial Planning for Retirement: The Moderating Role of Government Policy," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(2), pages 21582440231, June.
    2. Elena Moreno-García & Sergio Hernández-Mejía & Héctor Francisco Salazar Núñez, 2024. "Financial Literacy and Financial Fragility in Mexico," Remef - Revista Mexicana de Economía y Finanzas Nueva Época REMEF (The Mexican Journal of Economics and Finance), Instituto Mexicano de Ejecutivos de Finanzas, IMEF, vol. 19(1), pages 1-21, Enero - M.
    3. Liu Hong Shan & Kenny S. L. Cheah & Serrene Leong, 2023. "Leading Generation Z’s Financial Literacy Through Financial Education: Contemporary Bibliometric and Content Analysis in China," SAGE Open, , vol. 13(3), pages 21582440231, August.

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