IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jmathe/v11y2023i3p583-d1043882.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Two-Step Cluster Analysis of Passenger Mobility Segmentation during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Listed:
  • Veronika Harantová

    (Department of Road and Urban Transport, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Jaroslav Mazanec

    (Department of Quantitative Methods and Economic Informatics, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Vladimíra Štefancová

    (Department of Railway Transport, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Jaroslav Mašek

    (Department of Railway Transport, Faculty of Operation and Economics of Transport and Communications, University of Zilina, Univerzitna 1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia)

  • Hana Brůhová Foltýnová

    (Faculty of Social and Economic Studies, Jan Evangelista Purkyňe University in Ústí nad Labem, Pasteurova 3544/1, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic)

Abstract

In this paper, we analyse the specific behaviour of passengers in personal transport commuting to work or school during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on a sample of respondents from two countries. We classified the commuters based on a two-step cluster analysis into groups showing the same characteristics. Data were obtained from an online survey, and the total sample size consists of 2000 respondents. We used five input variables, dividing the total sample into five clusters using a two-step cluster analysis. We observed significant differences between gender, status, and car ownership when using public transport, cars, and other alternative means of transportation for commuting to work and school. We also examined differences between individual groups with the same socioeconomic and socio-demographic factors. In total, the respondents were classified into five clusters, and the results indicate that there are differences between gender and status. We found that ownership of a prepaid card for public transport and social status are the most important factors, as they reach a significance level of 100%, unlike compared to other factors with importance ranging from 60 to 80%. Moreover, the results demonstrate that prepaid cards are preferred mainly by female students. Understanding these factors can help in planning transport policy by knowing the habits of users.

Suggested Citation

  • Veronika Harantová & Jaroslav Mazanec & Vladimíra Štefancová & Jaroslav Mašek & Hana Brůhová Foltýnová, 2023. "Two-Step Cluster Analysis of Passenger Mobility Segmentation during the COVID-19 Pandemic," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:3:p:583-:d:1043882
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/3/583/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/11/3/583/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Katarzyna Czech & Anna Davy & Michał Wielechowski, 2021. "Does the COVID-19 Pandemic Change Human Mobility Equally Worldwide? Cross-Country Cluster Analysis," Economies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-19, November.
    2. Stradling, Stephen & Carreno, Michael & Rye, Tom & Noble, Allyson, 2007. "Passenger perceptions and the ideal urban bus journey experience," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 14(4), pages 283-292, July.
    3. Eisenmann, Christine & Nobis, Claudia & Kolarova, Viktoriya & Lenz, Barbara & Winkler, Christian, 2021. "Transport mode use during the COVID-19 lockdown period in Germany: The car became more important, public transport lost ground," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 60-67.
    4. Ho Fai Chan & Jordan Moon & David A. Savage & Ahmed Skali & Benno Torgler & Stephen Whyte, 2020. "Can Psychological Traits Explain Mobility Behavior during the COVID-19 Pandemic?," CREMA Working Paper Series 2020-08, Center for Research in Economics, Management and the Arts (CREMA).
    5. Rahul, T.M. & Manoj, M., 2020. "Categorization of pedestrian level of service perceptions and accounting its response heterogeneity and latent correlation on travel decisions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 40-55.
    6. Kristián Čulík & Alica Kalašová, 2021. "Statistical Evaluation of BIS-11 and DAQ Tools in the Field of Traffic Psychology," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Nima Dadashzadeh & Taimaz Larimian & Ulysse Levifve & Rok Marsetič, 2022. "Travel Behaviour of Vulnerable Social Groups: Pre, during, and Post COVID-19 Pandemic," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(16), pages 1-18, August.
    8. Adam Przybylowski & Sandra Stelmak & Michal Suchanek, 2021. "Mobility Behaviour in View of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Public Transport Users in Gdansk Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-12, January.
    9. Jonathan Jay & Jacob Bor & Elaine O. Nsoesie & Sarah K. Lipson & David K. Jones & Sandro Galea & Julia Raifman, 2020. "Neighbourhood income and physical distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States," Nature Human Behaviour, Nature, vol. 4(12), pages 1294-1302, December.
    10. Hauslbauer, Andrea L. & Schade, Jens & Petzoldt, Tibor, 2022. "The identification of mobility types on a national level," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 289-298.
    11. Delbosc, Alexa & Currie, Graham, 2012. "Modelling the causes and impacts of personal safety perceptions on public transport ridership," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 302-309.
    12. Kuo-Ying Wang, 2014. "How Change of Public Transportation Usage Reveals Fear of the SARS Virus in a City," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 9(3), pages 1-10, March.
    13. Halpern, Nigel & Mwesiumo, Deodat & Budd, Thomas & Suau-Sanchez, Pere & Bråthen, Svein, 2021. "Segmentation of passenger preferences for using digital technologies at airports in Norway," Journal of Air Transport Management, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    14. Vickerman, Roger, 2021. "Will Covid-19 put the public back in public transport? A UK perspective," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 95-102.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Majerčák Jozef & Vakulenko Sergej Petrovich, 2023. "The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Population Mobility in the Czech Republic and Slovakia," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 14(1), pages 158-168, January.
    2. Majerčák Peter & Majerčák Jozef & Kurenkov Petr Vladimirovič, 2023. "Impact of the COVID Crisis on Public Passenger Transport in Slovakia and Urban Transport in Žilina on a Selected Line," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 14(1), pages 169-180, January.
    3. Dedík Milan & Gašparík Jozef & Bulková Zdenka & Kendra Martin & Šulko Peter, 2023. "Optimization of Timetables on the Prague – Bratislava / Vienna and Rail Transport Route in the Post-Pandemic Period," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 14(1), pages 110-121, January.
    4. Apichaya Lilavanichakul & Rangrong Yoksan, 2023. "Development of Bioplastics from Cassava toward the Sustainability of Cassava Value Chain in Thailand," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-21, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ferreira, Sara & Amorim, Marco & Lobo, António & Kern, Mira & Fanderl, Nora & Couto, António, 2022. "Travel mode preferences among German commuters over the course of COVID-19 pandemic," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 55-64.
    2. Oluwayemi-Oniya Aderibigbe & Trynos Gumbo, 2022. "Variations in Mode Choice of Residents Prior and during COVID-19: An Empirical Evidence from Johannesburg, South Africa," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-18, December.
    3. Daniel Albalate & Xavier Fageda, 2022. ""Have Low Emission Zones slowed urban traffic recovery after Covid-19?"," IREA Working Papers 202222, University of Barcelona, Research Institute of Applied Economics, revised Dec 2022.
    4. Sreten Simović & Tijana Ivanišević & Bojana Bradić & Svetlana Čičević & Aleksandar Trifunović, 2021. "What Causes Changes in Passenger Behavior in South-East Europe during the COVID-19 Pandemic?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-11, July.
    5. Jomnonkwao, Sajjakaj & Ratanavaraha, Vatanavongs, 2016. "Measurement modelling of the perceived service quality of a sightseeing bus service: An application of hierarchical confirmatory factor analysis," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 240-252.
    6. Panayotis Christidis & Aris Christodoulou & Elena Navajas-Cawood & Biagio Ciuffo, 2021. "The Post-Pandemic Recovery of Transport Activity: Emerging Mobility Patterns and Repercussions on Future Evolution," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-17, June.
    7. Pezoa, Raúl & Basso, Franco & Quilodrán, Paulina & Varas, Mauricio, 2023. "Estimation of trip purposes in public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic: The case of Santiago, Chile," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    8. Anwar, Muhammad Azfar & Dhir, Amandeep & Jabeen, Fauzia & Zhang, Qingyu & Siddiquei, Ahmad Nabeel, 2023. "Unconventional green transport innovations in the post-COVID-19 era. A trade-off between green actions and personal health protection," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 155(PA).
    9. Navarrete-Hernandez, Pablo & Rennert, Lindiwe & Balducci, Alessandro, 2023. "An evaluation of the impact of COVID-19 safety measures in public transit spaces on riders' Worry of virus contraction," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 131(C), pages 1-12.
    10. Wojciech Kazimierz Szczepanek & Maciej Kruszyna, 2022. "The Impact of COVID-19 on the Choice of Transport Means in Journeys to Work Based on the Selected Example from Poland," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-9, June.
    11. Bagdatli, Muhammed Emin Cihangir & Ipek, Fatima, 2022. "Transport mode preferences of university students in post-COVID-19 pandemic," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 20-32.
    12. Shahram Heydari & Garyfallos Konstantinoudis & Abdul Wahid Behsoodi, 2021. "Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on bike-sharing demand and hire time: Evidence from Santander Cycles in London," Papers 2107.11589, arXiv.org.
    13. Carolina Busco & Felipe González & Nelson Lillo, 2022. "Safety, Gender, and the Public Transport System in Santiago, Chile," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-15, December.
    14. Štefancová Vladimíra & Mašek Jaroslav & Harantová Veronika & Mazanec Jaroslav & Foltýnová Hana Brůhová, 2023. "Analysis of Passenger Behaviour During the Covid-19 Pandemic Situation," LOGI – Scientific Journal on Transport and Logistics, Sciendo, vol. 14(1), pages 203-214, January.
    15. Hector Monterde-i-Bort & Matus Sucha & Ralf Risser & Tatiana Kochetova, 2022. "Mobility Patterns and Mode Choice Preferences during the COVID-19 Situation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-13, January.
    16. Andree Ehlert & Jan Wedemeier, 2022. "Which factors influence mobility change during COVID‐19 in Germany? Evidence from German county data," Regional Science Policy & Practice, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 14(S1), pages 61-79, November.
    17. Ouassim Manout & Louafi Bouzouina & Karima Kourtit & Peter Nijkamp, 2023. "On the bumpy road to recovery: resilience of public transport ridership during COVID-19 in 15 European cities," Letters in Spatial and Resource Sciences, Springer, vol. 16(1), pages 1-15, December.
    18. Soria, Jason & Edward, Deirdre & Stathopoulos, Amanda, 2023. "Requiem for transit ridership? An examination of who abandoned, who will return, and who will ride more with mobility as a service," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C), pages 139-154.
    19. Salonen, Arto O., 2018. "Passenger's subjective traffic safety, in-vehicle security and emergency management in the driverless shuttle bus in Finland," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 106-110.
    20. Loa, Patrick & Hossain, Sanjana & Mashrur, Sk. Md. & Liu, Yicong & Wang, Kaili & Ong, Felita & Habib, Khandker Nurul, 2021. "Exploring the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on modality profiles for non-mandatory trips in the Greater Toronto Area," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 71-85.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jmathe:v:11:y:2023:i:3:p:583-:d:1043882. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.