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Effects of Environmental Features in Small Public Urban Green Spaces on Older Adults’ Mental Restoration: Evidence from Tokyo

Author

Listed:
  • Shan Lu

    (Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

  • Wonseok Oh

    (Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan)

  • Ryozo Ooka

    (Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan)

  • Lijun Wang

    (Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China)

Abstract

Exposure to small public urban green spaces (SPUGS) has been demonstrated to have mental benefits for older adults. However, studies on identifying the objective environmental features of SPUGS and their effects on mental restoration for older adults remain limited. This study employed a multilevel regression model to investigate the restorative and vitalizing effects of the environmental features of 11 SPUGS in Tokyo. Onsite measurements were conducted in Kita-Ku, and 202 older adults were surveyed. The results showed that: (1) The fitting curve of the green view index and Restoration Outcome Scale (ROS) score showed an inverted U shape—both green view index and boundary enclosure had a strong impact on the mental restoration of older adults; (2) The colorfulness index showed the strongest relationship with the vitalizing effect. (3) The sky view factor and number of seats only influenced the ROS score, while the results of revitalization suggest that large areas of water should be avoided. (4) Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was also confirmed to have negative effects on the mental restoration of older adults in autumn. These empirical findings can be used as a resource to promote the mental health of older adults in the design of SPUGS in high-density Asian countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Shan Lu & Wonseok Oh & Ryozo Ooka & Lijun Wang, 2022. "Effects of Environmental Features in Small Public Urban Green Spaces on Older Adults’ Mental Restoration: Evidence from Tokyo," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(9), pages 1-22, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:9:p:5477-:d:806602
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    1. Xialu Wu & Yu-Sheng Shen & Shenghui Cui, 2023. "Global Trends in Green Space and Senior Mental Health Studies: Bibliometric Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(2), pages 1-12, January.
    2. Anne Johanna Jacoba Grave & Louis Neven & Masi Mohammadi, 2023. "Elucidating and Expanding the Restorative Theory Framework to Comprehend Influential Factors Supporting Ageing-in-Place: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 20(18), pages 1-30, September.
    3. Yuan Zheng & Bin Cheng & Letian Dong & Tianxiang Zheng & Rong Wu, 2024. "The Moderating Effect of Social Participation on the Relationship between Urban Green Space and the Mental Health of Older Adults: A Case Study in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-21, March.
    4. Xiaoxia Bai & Xinxin Li & Ding Yan, 2022. "The Perceived Restorativeness of Outdoor Spatial Characteristics for High School Adolescents: A Case Study from China," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(12), pages 1-14, June.
    5. Wenbo Li & Jiaqi Wu & Wenting Xu & Ye Zhong & Zhihao Wang, 2022. "How Thermal Perceptual Schema Mediates Landscape Quality Evaluation and Activity Willingness," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-27, October.
    6. Ling Zhang & Kebin Shao & Wenfeng Tang & Stephen Siu Yu Lau & Hongzhan Lai & Yiqi Tao, 2023. "Outdoor Space Elements in Urban Residential Areas in Shenzhen, China: Optimization Based on Health-Promoting Behaviours of Older People," Land, MDPI, vol. 12(6), pages 1-23, May.
    7. Andrew Yu & Stephanie Kwan Nga Lam, 2022. "Assessing Open Space in Scotland: Reliability and Construct Validity of the Open Space Scale," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-11, November.

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