IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jijerp/v19y2022i15p9168-d872950.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Discrimination in Medical Settings among Transgender and Nonbinary Older Adults

Author

Listed:
  • Nickolas H. Lambrou

    (Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA)

  • Carey E. Gleason

    (Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA
    Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Wm S Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI 53705, USA
    Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53792, USA)

  • Juno Obedin-Maliver

    (The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA)

  • Mitchell R. Lunn

    (The PRIDE Study/PRIDEnet, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
    Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
    Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA)

  • Annesa Flentje

    (Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Alliance Health Project, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA)

  • Micah E. Lubensky

    (Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA)

  • Jason D. Flatt

    (Institute for Health and Aging, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
    Department of Social and Behavioral Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA)

Abstract

Background: Transgender and nonbinary (TNB) individuals report greater subjective cognitive decline (SCD) compared to non-TNB people. SCD involves self-reported problems with memory and thinking and is a potential risk for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD). We explored psychosocial factors, such as discrimination in medical settings, associated with SCD in a sample of TNB older adults. Methods: We utilized cross-sectional data on aging health, SCD (memory complaints and worsening memory in the past year), and discrimination in medical settings from The PRIDE Study for LGBTQ+ adults aged 50+ including TNB adults ( n = 115). Associations were tested using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Nearly 16% of TNB participants rated their memory as poor/fair, and 17% reported that their memory was worse than a year ago. TNB older adults with SCD were more likely to report experiencing discrimination in medical settings. After adjustment, those reporting discrimination in medical settings had 4.5 times higher odds of reporting worsening memory than those who did not (OR: 4.5; 95%-CI: 1.5–13.2; p = 0.006), and 7.5 times more likely to report poor/fair memory (OR: 7.49; 95%-CI: 1.7–32.8; p = 0.008); Conclusions: TNB older adults reported high frequencies of SCD and discrimination in medical settings. Further research exploring affirmative cognitive screening and healthcare services is needed.

Suggested Citation

  • Nickolas H. Lambrou & Carey E. Gleason & Juno Obedin-Maliver & Mitchell R. Lunn & Annesa Flentje & Micah E. Lubensky & Jason D. Flatt, 2022. "Subjective Cognitive Decline Associated with Discrimination in Medical Settings among Transgender and Nonbinary Older Adults," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(15), pages 1-11, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9168-:d:872950
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9168/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/15/9168/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Robert B. Wallace & A. Regula Herzog, 1995. "Overview of the Health Measures in the Health and Retirement Study," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 30, pages 84-107.
    2. Bush, T.L. & Miller, S.R. & Golden, A.L. & Hale, W.E., 1989. "Self-report and medical record report agreement of selected medical conditions in the elderly," American Journal of Public Health, American Public Health Association, vol. 79(11), pages 1554-1556.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Weziak-Bialowolska, Dorota & Bialowolski, Piotr & Niemiec, Ryan M., 2021. "Being good, doing good: The role of honesty and integrity for health," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 291(C).
    2. Ruth Hancock & Marcello Morciano & Stephen Pudney & Francesca Zantomio, 2015. "Do household surveys give a coherent view of disability benefit targeting?: a multisurvey latent variable analysis for the older population in Great Britain," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 178(4), pages 815-836, October.
    3. Orfila, Francesc & Ferrer, Montserrat & Lamarca, Rosa & Tebe, Cristian & Domingo-Salvany, Antonia & Alonso, Jordi, 2006. "Gender differences in health-related quality of life among the elderly: The role of objective functional capacity and chronic conditions," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(9), pages 2367-2380, November.
    4. de Grip, A. & Dupuy, A. & Jolles, J. & van Boxtel, M.P., 2012. "Retirement and cognitive development: are the retired really inactive?," Research Memorandum 009, Maastricht University, Maastricht Research School of Economics of Technology and Organization (METEOR).
    5. Brent Kreider & John Pepper, 2008. "Inferring disability status from corrupt data," Journal of Applied Econometrics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(3), pages 329-349.
    6. Angela Lyons & Hyungsoo Kim, 2007. "No Pain, No Strain: Impact of Health on the Financial Security of Older Americans," NFI Working Papers 2007-WP-12, Indiana State University, Scott College of Business, Networks Financial Institute.
    7. Huynh, Kim P. & Jung, Juergen, 2015. "Subjective health expectations," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 37(4), pages 693-711.
    8. Eirini-Christina Saloniki & Amanda Gosling, 2012. "Point identification in the presence of measurement error in discrete variables: application - wages and disability," Studies in Economics 1214, School of Economics, University of Kent.
    9. Osea Giuntella & Wei Han & Fabrizio Mazzonna, 2017. "Circadian Rhythms, Sleep, and Cognitive Skills: Evidence From an Unsleeping Giant," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 54(5), pages 1715-1742, October.
    10. Linda Kridahl, 2014. "Retirement and leisure: a longitudinal study using Swedish data," Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna, vol. 12(1), pages 141-168.
    11. Teresa Bago d’Uva & Maarten Lindeboom & Owen O’Donnell & Eddy van Doorslaer, 2011. "Slipping Anchor?: Testing the Vignettes Approach to Identification and Correction of Reporting Heterogeneity," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 46(4), pages 875-906.
    12. Teresa Bago d'Uva & Esen Erdogan Ciftci & Owen O'Donnell & Eddy van Doorslaer, 2015. "Who can predict their Own Demise? Accuracy of Longevity Expectations by Education and Cognition," Tinbergen Institute Discussion Papers 15-052/V, Tinbergen Institute.
    13. Yiding Yue & Jinyou Zou, 2014. "The Role of Wealth and Health in Insurance Choice: Bivariate Probit Analysis in China," Mathematical Problems in Engineering, Hindawi, vol. 2014, pages 1-9, March.
    14. LABAR, Kelly & BRESSON, Florent, 2011. "A multidimensional analysis of poverty in China from 1991 to 2006," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 22(4), pages 646-668.
    15. Juergen Jung, 2022. "Estimating transition probabilities between health states using US longitudinal survey data," Empirical Economics, Springer, vol. 63(2), pages 901-943, August.
    16. Li, Qin & Smith, James P. & Zhao, Yaohui, 2023. "Understanding the effects of widowhood on health in China: Mechanisms and heterogeneity," The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    17. Michele J. Siegel, 2006. "Measuring the effect of husband's health on wife's labor supply," Health Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(6), pages 579-601, June.
    18. Guallar-Castillón, Pilar & Redondo Sendino, Áurea & Banegas, José R. & López-García, Esther & Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, 2005. "Differences in quality of life between women and men in the older population of Spain," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 60(6), pages 1229-1240, March.
    19. de Grip, Andries & Dupuy, Arnaud & Jolles, Jelle & van Boxtel, Martin, 2015. "Retirement and cognitive development in the Netherlands: Are the retired really inactive?," Economics & Human Biology, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 157-169.
    20. David M. Blau & Donna B. Gilleskie, 2008. "The Role Of Retiree Health Insurance In The Employment Behavior Of Older Men," International Economic Review, Department of Economics, University of Pennsylvania and Osaka University Institute of Social and Economic Research Association, vol. 49(2), pages 475-514, May.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:15:p:9168-:d:872950. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.