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Non-Communicable Diseases-Related Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review

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  • Sarju Sing Rai

    (Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University of Barcelona, 08007 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Elena V. Syurina

    (Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Ruth M. H. Peters

    (Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Annisa Ika Putri

    (Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Marjolein B. M. Zweekhorst

    (Athena Institute, Faculty of Science, Vrije University Amsterdam, 1081 Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Abstract

This systematic review examines and consolidates existing evidence on stigma associated with the top four non-communicable diseases (NCDs)—cancers, cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes—and its impact on the lives of people affected. We conducted a systematic literature search in PubMed, PsycINFO, JSTOR, Science Direct, and Web of Science for original research in English that explored health-related stigma among people living with either of the four NCDs. A three-step integrative synthesis of data was conducted. Twenty-six articles (qualitative = 15; quantitative = 11) were selected, with most ( n = 15) related to cancers, followed by diabetes ( n = 7), chronic respiratory diseases ( n = 3), and cardiovascular diseases ( n = 1). Blame, shame, and fear were the main causes of stigma, the origin and nature of which differed according to the disease-specific features. The manifestations (enacted and felt stigma) and consequences (social, behavioral, psychological, and medical) of stigma across NCDs were similar. Inconsistencies existed in the conceptualization of stigma processes. To fill this gap, we developed an NCD-related stigma framework. People living with NCDs can experience stigma, which can negatively impact their health, management of their disease, and quality of life. The new framework can help in improving the understanding of the processes and experiences of stigma related to NCDs.

Suggested Citation

  • Sarju Sing Rai & Elena V. Syurina & Ruth M. H. Peters & Annisa Ika Putri & Marjolein B. M. Zweekhorst, 2020. "Non-Communicable Diseases-Related Stigma: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(18), pages 1-25, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:17:y:2020:i:18:p:6657-:d:412712
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Parker, Richard & Aggleton, Peter, 2003. "HIV and AIDS-related stigma and discrimination: a conceptual framework and implications for action," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 57(1), pages 13-24, July.
    2. Bach Xuan Tran & Hai Thanh Phan & Carl A. Latkin & Huong Lan Thi Nguyen & Chi Linh Hoang & Cyrus S.H. Ho & Roger C.M. Ho, 2019. "Understanding Global HIV Stigma and Discrimination: Are Contextual Factors Sufficiently Studied? (GAP RESEARCH )," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-19, May.
    3. David Moher & Alessandro Liberati & Jennifer Tetzlaff & Douglas G Altman & The PRISMA Group, 2009. "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement," PLOS Medicine, Public Library of Science, vol. 6(7), pages 1-6, July.
    4. Jasmin Schabert & Jessica Browne & Kylie Mosely & Jane Speight, 2013. "Social Stigma in Diabetes," The Patient: Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Springer;International Academy of Health Preference Research, vol. 6(1), pages 1-10, March.
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