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The Organization, Implementation, and Functioning of Dengue Surveillance in India—A Systematic Scoping Review

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  • Eva Pilot

    (Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229HA Maastricht, The Netherlands
    Maastricht Centre for Global Health, Maastricht University, Peter Debyeplein 1, 6229HA Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Vasileios Nittas

    (Department of Health, Ethics and Society, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229HA Maastricht, The Netherlands)

  • Gudlavalleti Venkata S Murthy

    (Public Health Foundation India, Indian Institute of Public Health Hyderabad, Telangana 500033, India
    London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK)

Abstract

Dengue´s re-emerging epidemiology poses a major global health threat. In India, dengue contributes significantly to the global communicable disease burden, and has been declared highly endemic. This study aims to identify and critically appraise India’s dengue surveillance system. We conducted a systematic literature review, searching Medline, Web of Sciences, Global Health, and Indian Journals. We conducted a narrative synthesis and thematic analysis. Eighteen studies fulfilled eligibility. Organizationally, most studies referred to the National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme, primarily responsible for overall vector and disease control, as well as the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, responsible for reporting, outbreak identification, and integration. Surveillance implementation was mostly framed as passive, sentinel, and hospital-based. Reporting varies from weekly to monthly, flowing from primary healthcare centres to district and national authorities. Dengue confirmation is only recognized if conducted with government-distributed MAC-ELISA tests. The surveillance system predominantly relies on public reporting units. In terms of functioning, current surveillance seems to have improved dengue reporting as well the system’s detection capacities. Emergency and outbreak responses are often described as timely; however, they are challenged by underreporting, weak data reliability, lack of private reporting, and system fragmentation. Concluding, India’s dengue surveillance structure remains weak. Efforts to create an infrastructure of communication, cooperation, and integration are evident, however, not achieved yet.

Suggested Citation

  • Eva Pilot & Vasileios Nittas & Gudlavalleti Venkata S Murthy, 2019. "The Organization, Implementation, and Functioning of Dengue Surveillance in India—A Systematic Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-15, February.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:16:y:2019:i:4:p:661-:d:208638
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Eva Pilot & Ramana Roa & Biranchi Jena & Boris Kauhl & Thomas Krafft & GVS Murthy, 2017. "Towards Sustainable Public Health Surveillance in India: Using Routinely Collected Electronic Emergency Medical Service Data for Early Warning of Infectious Diseases," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-15, April.
    2. Samir Bhatt & Peter W. Gething & Oliver J. Brady & Jane P. Messina & Andrew W. Farlow & Catherine L. Moyes & John M. Drake & John S. Brownstein & Anne G. Hoen & Osman Sankoh & Monica F. Myers & Dylan , 2013. "The global distribution and burden of dengue," Nature, Nature, vol. 496(7446), pages 504-507, April.
    3. Planning Commission, 2011. "High Level Expert Group Report on Universal Health Coverage for India," Working Papers id:4646, eSocialSciences.
    4. Government of India, 2017. "National Health Policy 2017," Working Papers id:11664, eSocialSciences.
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