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Characterization of the Ratcheting Effect on the Filler Material of a Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage

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  • Erika Garitaonandia

    (AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde azunea, n°6, 48200 Durango, Spain)

  • Peru Arribalzaga

    (Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Ibon Miguel

    (AZTERLAN, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Aliendalde azunea, n°6, 48200 Durango, Spain)

  • Daniel Bielsa

    (Centre for Cooperative Research on Alternative Energies (CIC energiGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Albert Einstein 48, 01510 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

Abstract

Thermocline thermal energy storage systems play a crucial role in enhancing energy efficiency in energy-intensive industries. Among available technologies, air-based packed bed systems are promising due to their ability to utilize cost-effective materials. Recently, one of the most intriguing filler materials under study is steel slag, a byproduct of the steel industry. Steel slag offers affordability, ample availability without conflicting usage, stability at temperatures up to 1000 °C, compatibility with heat transfer fluids, and non-toxicity. Previous research demonstrated favorable thermophysical and mechanical properties. Nonetheless, a frequently overlooked aspect is the endurance of the slag particles, when exposed to both mechanical and thermal stresses across numerous charging and discharging cycles. Throughout the thermal cyclic process, the slag within the tank experiences substantial loads at elevated temperatures, undergoing thermal expansion and contraction. This phenomenon can result in the deterioration of individual particles and potential damage to the tank structure. However, assessing the extended performance of these systems is challenging due to the considerable time required for thermal cycles at a relevant scale. To address this issue, this paper introduces a specially designed fast testing apparatus, providing the corresponding testing results of a real-scale system over 15 years of operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Erika Garitaonandia & Peru Arribalzaga & Ibon Miguel & Daniel Bielsa, 2024. "Characterization of the Ratcheting Effect on the Filler Material of a Steel Slag-Based Thermal Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(7), pages 1-16, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1515-:d:1361890
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    References listed on IDEAS

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