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Combining Gasoline Compression Ignition and Powertrain Hybridization for Long-Haul Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Rafael Lago Sari

    (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA)

  • Yu Zhang

    (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA)

  • Brock Merritt

    (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA)

  • Praveen Kumar

    (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA)

  • Ashish Shah

    (Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA)

Abstract

Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion was demonstrated to be an effective combustion concept to achieve high brake thermal efficiency with low-reactivity fuels while offering improved NOx–soot trade-off. Nevertheless, future greenhouse gas regulations still challenge the heavy-duty transportation sector on both engine and vehicle basis. Hybridization is a possible solution in this scenario, allowing the avoidance of low-efficiency conditions and energy recovery during regenerative braking, improving overall vehicle efficiency. In this sense, this investigation proposes a detailed analysis to understand the optimum hybridization strategy to be used together with GCI to simultaneously harness low pollutant and CO 2 emissions. For that, different hybrid architectures were defined in GT Drive (Mild hybrid 48 V P0 and P2 and full Hybrid P2 500 V) and submitted to 15 different use cases, constituted by five normative and real-driving conditions from the US, China, India, and Europe and three different payloads. Results showed that all hybridization strategies could provide fuel savings benefits to some extent. Nonetheless, usage profile is a dominant factor to be accounted for, benefiting specific hybrid powertrains. For instance, P0 and P2 48 V could provide similar savings as P2 500 V, where regenerative braking is limited. Nonetheless, P2 500 V is a superior powertrain if more demanding cycles are considered, allowing it to drive and recuperate energy without exceeding the Crate limitations of the battery.

Suggested Citation

  • Rafael Lago Sari & Yu Zhang & Brock Merritt & Praveen Kumar & Ashish Shah, 2024. "Combining Gasoline Compression Ignition and Powertrain Hybridization for Long-Haul Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-19, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1099-:d:1345583
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pedrozo, Vinícius B. & May, Ian & Zhao, Hua, 2017. "Exploring the mid-load potential of ethanol-diesel dual-fuel combustion with and without EGR," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 263-275.
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