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An Overview of Green Bioprocessing of Algae-Derived Biochar and Biopolymers: Synthesis, Preparation, and Potential Applications

Author

Listed:
  • Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman)

  • Ahmed Albahnasawi

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey)

  • Murat Eyvaz

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli 41400, Turkey)

  • Tahra Al Maskari

    (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, A’Sharqiyah University, Ibra 400, Oman)

  • Dia Eddin Nassani

    (Department of Civil Engineering, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep 27500, Turkey)

  • Salem S. Abu Amr

    (International College of Engineering and Management, P.O. Box 2511, Seeb 111, Oman)

  • Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar

    (Al-Aqsa Community Intermediate College, Al-Aqsa University, Gaza P.O. Box 4051, Palestine)

  • Mohammed J. K. Bashir

    (Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology (FEGT), Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia)

Abstract

Algae have the potential to be used as a feedstock for the synthesis of valuable compounds and biofuels. In addition, algal waste can be further transformed into biofuel, biogas, and biochar using different thermochemical processes such as microwave pyrolysis, pyrolysis, torrefaction, and hydrothermal conversion. Due to its high specific surface area, rapid electron transport, and graphitic carbon structure, algal biochar carbonized at high temperatures has shown outstanding performance for applications as CO 2 adsorbents, supercapacitors, and persulfate activation. Due to the combination of various functional groups and porous structures, the algae biomass pyrolysis at a moderate temperature produced high-quality biochar that shows high performance in terms of pollutant removal, while low-temperature pyrolysis produces coal fuel from algae via torrefaction. Over time, there have been exponentially more petroleum-based polymers created that have harmful impacts on both humans and the environment. As a result, researchers are becoming more interested in algae-based biopolymers as a potential alternative strategy for establishing a sustainable circular economy globally. The advantages of microalgal biopolymer over other feedstocks are its capacity to compost, which provides greenhouse gas credits, its quick growth ability with flexibility in a variety of settings, and its ability to minimize greenhouse gas emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Motasem Y. D. Alazaiza & Ahmed Albahnasawi & Murat Eyvaz & Tahra Al Maskari & Dia Eddin Nassani & Salem S. Abu Amr & Mohammed Shadi S. Abujazar & Mohammed J. K. Bashir, 2023. "An Overview of Green Bioprocessing of Algae-Derived Biochar and Biopolymers: Synthesis, Preparation, and Potential Applications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-23, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:16:y:2023:i:2:p:791-:d:1031015
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Senem Onen Cinar & Zhi Kai Chong & Mehmet Ali Kucuker & Nils Wieczorek & Ugur Cengiz & Kerstin Kuchta, 2020. "Bioplastic Production from Microalgae: A Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-21, May.
    2. Zhang, Zhikun & Zhu, Zongyuan & Shen, Boxiong & Liu, Lina, 2019. "Insights into biochar and hydrochar production and applications: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 581-598.
    3. Plaza, M.G. & González, A.S. & Pis, J.J. & Rubiera, F. & Pevida, C., 2014. "Production of microporous biochars by single-step oxidation: Effect of activation conditions on CO2 capture," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 551-562.
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