IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v15y2022i19p7003-d923686.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Electricity Usage Settlement System Based on a Cryptocurrency Instrument

Author

Listed:
  • Sławomir Bielecki

    (Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 21/25 Nowowiejska St., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Tadeusz Skoczkowski

    (Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 21/25 Nowowiejska St., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Lidia Sobczak

    (Faculty of Management, Warsaw University of Technology, 85 Narbutta St., 02-524 Warsaw, Poland)

  • Marcin Wołowicz

    (Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 21/25 Nowowiejska St., 00-665 Warsaw, Poland)

Abstract

This article reviews the issue of the use of cryptocurrencies (crypto-assets, in general) for an electricity settlement system. The development of digital techniques, including blockchain-based mechanisms, has meant that an increased interest in blockchain-based solutions is to be expected. Blockchain and similar approaches are characterised by decentralisation, so they are concurrent with the trends of the transforming power sector. Decentralised energy generation based on a high proportion of prosumer installations requires the implementation of a new settlement system for grid activities related to electricity use. The first projects of such systems based on a dedicated cryptocurrency have emerged. Based on these, the general concept of such a system with its own cryptocurrency called CCE is presented, including variants implementing net-metering and net-billing. Furthermore, issues requiring interdisciplinary research work and discussion before implementing such systems were identified. A settlement system in which a cryptocurrency is linked to a unit of energy used could be a first step towards introducing a new universal means of value exchange, linked to energy as the primary measure of the value of goods.

Suggested Citation

  • Sławomir Bielecki & Tadeusz Skoczkowski & Lidia Sobczak & Marcin Wołowicz, 2022. "Electricity Usage Settlement System Based on a Cryptocurrency Instrument," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-35, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7003-:d:923686
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7003/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/19/7003/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ruan, Jiaqi & Liu, Guolong & Qiu, Jing & Liang, Gaoqi & Zhao, Junhua & He, Binghao & Wen, Fushuan, 2022. "Time-varying price elasticity of demand estimation for demand-side smart dynamic pricing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    2. Christophe Schinckus & Canh Phuc Nguyen & Felicia Chong Hui Ling, 2020. "Crypto-currencies Trading and Energy Consumption," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(3), pages 355-364.
    3. Küfeoğlu, S. & Liu, G. & Anaya, K. & Pollitt, M., 2019. "Digitalisation and New Business Models in Energy Sector," Cambridge Working Papers in Economics 1956, Faculty of Economics, University of Cambridge.
    4. Xiuli Wang & Fang Yao & Fushuan Wen, 2022. "Applications of Blockchain Technology in Modern Power Systems: A Brief Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-22, June.
    5. Umar, Abdullah & Kumar, Deepak & Ghose, Tirthadip, 2022. "Blockchain-based decentralized energy intra-trading with battery storage flexibility in a community microgrid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    6. Kirli, Desen & Couraud, Benoit & Robu, Valentin & Salgado-Bravo, Marcelo & Norbu, Sonam & Andoni, Merlinda & Antonopoulos, Ioannis & Negrete-Pincetic, Matias & Flynn, David & Kiprakis, Aristides, 2022. "Smart contracts in energy systems: A systematic review of fundamental approaches and implementations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 158(C).
    7. Tadeusz Skoczkowski & Sławomir Bielecki & Joanna Wojtyńska, 2019. "Long-Term Projection of Renewable Energy Technology Diffusion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-24, November.
    8. Akorede, Mudathir Funsho & Hizam, Hashim & Pouresmaeil, Edris, 2010. "Distributed energy resources and benefits to the environment," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(2), pages 724-734, February.
    9. Tadeusz Skoczkowski & Sławomir Bielecki & Arkadiusz Węglarz & Magdalena Włodarczak & Piotr Gutowski, 2018. "Impact assessment of climate policy on Poland's power sector," Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, Springer, vol. 23(8), pages 1303-1349, December.
    10. Claudia Antal & Tudor Cioara & Ionut Anghel & Marcel Antal & Ioan Salomie, 2021. "Distributed Ledger Technology Review and Decentralized Applications Development Guidelines," Future Internet, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-32, February.
    11. Sebastian Schich, 2019. "Do Fintech and Cryptocurrency Initiatives Make Banks Less Special?," Business and Economic Research, Macrothink Institute, vol. 9(4), pages 89-116, December.
    12. Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Flynn, David & Abram, Simone & Geach, Dale & Jenkins, David & McCallum, Peter & Peacock, Andrew, 2019. "Blockchain technology in the energy sector: A systematic review of challenges and opportunities," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 143-174.
    13. Jiani Wu & Nguyen Khoi Tran, 2018. "Application of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Energy Systems: An Overview," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-22, August.
    14. Sławomir Bielecki & Tadeusz Skoczkowski & Lidia Sobczak & Janusz Buchoski & Łukasz Maciąg & Piotr Dukat, 2021. "Impact of the Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Electricity Use by Residential Users," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-32, February.
    15. Hong Bao & David Roubaud, 2022. "Non-Fungible Token: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-9, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wenbing Zhao & Quan Qi & Jiong Zhou & Xiong Luo, 2023. "Blockchain-Based Applications for Smart Grids: An Umbrella Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-35, August.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sławomir Bielecki & Tadeusz Skoczkowski & Lidia Sobczak & Janusz Buchoski & Łukasz Maciąg & Piotr Dukat, 2021. "Impact of the Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Electricity Use by Residential Users," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-32, February.
    2. Bhuiyan, Erphan A. & Hossain, Md. Zahid & Muyeen, S.M. & Fahim, Shahriar Rahman & Sarker, Subrata K. & Das, Sajal K., 2021. "Towards next generation virtual power plant: Technology review and frameworks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 150(C).
    3. Karim L. Anaya & Michael G. Pollitt, 2021. "How to Procure Flexibility Services within the Electricity Distribution System: Lessons from an International Review of Innovation Projects," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-26, July.
    4. Schinckus, Christophe, 2022. "A Nuanced perspective on blockchain technology and healthcare," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 71(C).
    5. Ahl, A. & Yarime, M. & Goto, M. & Chopra, Shauhrat S. & Kumar, Nallapaneni Manoj. & Tanaka, K. & Sagawa, D., 2020. "Exploring blockchain for the energy transition: Opportunities and challenges based on a case study in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    6. Daniel Sousa-Dias & Daniel Amyot & Ashkan Rahimi-Kian & John Mylopoulos, 2023. "A Review of Cybersecurity Concerns for Transactive Energy Markets," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(13), pages 1-32, June.
    7. Koasidis, Konstantinos & Marinakis, Vangelis & Nikas, Alexandros & Chira, Katerina & Flamos, Alexandros & Doukas, Haris, 2022. "Monetising behavioural change as a policy measure to support energy management in the residential sector: A case study in Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C).
    8. Capper, Timothy & Gorbatcheva, Anna & Mustafa, Mustafa A. & Bahloul, Mohamed & Schwidtal, Jan Marc & Chitchyan, Ruzanna & Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Montakhabi, Mehdi & Scott, Ian J. & Franci, 2022. "Peer-to-peer, community self-consumption, and transactive energy: A systematic literature review of local energy market models," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 162(C).
    9. Couraud, Benoit & Andoni, Merlinda & Robu, Valentin & Norbu, Sonam & Chen, Si & Flynn, David, 2023. "Responsive FLEXibility: A smart local energy system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    10. Teng, Sin Yong & Touš, Michal & Leong, Wei Dong & How, Bing Shen & Lam, Hon Loong & Máša, Vítězslav, 2021. "Recent advances on industrial data-driven energy savings: Digital twins and infrastructures," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    11. Heymann, Fabian & Milojevic, Tatjana & Covatariu, Andrei & Verma, Piyush, 2023. "Digitalization in decarbonizing electricity systems – Phenomena, regional aspects, stakeholders, use cases, challenges and policy options," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(PB).
    12. Nan Jiang & Qi Han & Guohua Zhu, 2023. "A Three-Dimensional Analytical Framework: Textual Analysis and Comparison of Chinese and US Energy Blockchain Policies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-28, March.
    13. Di Silvestre, Maria Luisa & Gallo, Pierluigi & Guerrero, Josep M. & Musca, Rossano & Riva Sanseverino, Eleonora & Sciumè, Giuseppe & Vásquez, Juan C. & Zizzo, Gaetano, 2020. "Blockchain for power systems: Current trends and future applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    14. Vidya Krishnan Mololoth & Saguna Saguna & Christer Åhlund, 2023. "Blockchain and Machine Learning for Future Smart Grids: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-39, January.
    15. Bogdan-Constantin Neagu & Ovidiu Ivanov & Gheorghe Grigoras & Mihai Gavrilas, 2020. "A New Vision on the Prosumers Energy Surplus Trading Considering Smart Peer-to-Peer Contracts," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(2), pages 1-27, February.
    16. Kobashi, Takuro & Yoshida, Takahiro & Yamagata, Yoshiki & Naito, Katsuhiko & Pfenninger, Stefan & Say, Kelvin & Takeda, Yasuhiro & Ahl, Amanda & Yarime, Masaru & Hara, Keishiro, 2020. "On the potential of “Photovoltaics + Electric vehicles” for deep decarbonization of Kyoto’s power systems: Techno-economic-social considerations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    17. Zhu, Shuai & Song, Malin & Lim, Ming Kim & Wang, Jianlin & Zhao, Jiajia, 2020. "The development of energy blockchain and its implications for China's energy sector," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    18. Fernando, Yudi & Rozuar, Nor Hazwani Mohd & Mergeresa, Fineke, 2021. "The blockchain-enabled technology and carbon performance: Insights from early adopters," Technology in Society, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    19. Moritz Böhmecke‐Schwafert & Marie Wehinger & Robin Teigland, 2022. "Blockchain for the circular economy: Theorizing blockchain's role in the transition to a circular economy through an empirical investigation," Business Strategy and the Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(8), pages 3786-3801, December.
    20. Matteo Vaccargiu & Andrea Pinna & Roberto Tonelli & Luisanna Cocco, 2023. "Blockchain in the Energy Sector for SDG Achievement," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-23, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:15:y:2022:i:19:p:7003-:d:923686. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.