IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v14y2021i22p7633-d679610.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Solar-Hybrid Cold Energy Storage System Coupled with Cooling Pads Backup: A Step towards Decentralized Storage of Perishables

Author

Listed:
  • Anjum Munir

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Tallha Ashraf

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Waseem Amjad

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Abdul Ghafoor

    (Department of Farm Machinery and Power, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Sidrah Rehman

    (Department of Energy Systems Engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Aman Ullah Malik

    (Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan)

  • Oliver Hensel

    (Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, University of Kassel, 37213 Witzenhausen, Germany)

  • Muhammad Sultan

    (Department of Agricultural Engineering, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan)

  • Tatiana Morosuk

    (Institute for Energy Engineering, Technische Universität Berlin, Marchstr. 18, 10587 Berlin, Germany)

Abstract

Post-harvest loss is a serious issue to address challenge of food security. A solar-grid hybrid cold storage system was developed and designed for on-farm preservation of perishables. Computational Fluid Dynamic analysis was performed to assess airflow and temperature distribution inside the cold chamber. The system comprises a 21.84 m 3 cubical cold storage unit with storage capacity of 2 tonnes. A hybrid solar system comprising 4.5 kWp PV system, 5 kW hybrid inverter, and 600 Ah battery bank was used to power the entire system. A vapor-compression refrigeration system (2 tonnes) was employed coupled with three cooling pads (filled with brine solution) as thermal backup to store cooling (−4 °C to 4 °C). Potatoes were stored at 8 °C for a period of three months (May 2019 to July 2019) and the system was tested on grid utility, solar, and hybrid modes. Solar irradiation was recorded in range of 5.0–6.0 kWh/(m 2 × d) and average power peak was found to be 4.0 kW. Variable frequency drive was installed with compressor to eliminate the torque load and it resulted about 9.3 A AC current used by the system with 4.6 average Coefficient of Performance of refrigeration unit. The average energy consumed by system was found to be 15 kWh with a share of 4.3 kWh from grid and 10.5 kWh from solar, translating to 30% of power consumption from grid and 70% from solar PV modules. Overall, cold storage unit efficiently controlled total weight loss (7.64%) and preserved quality attributes (3.6 ⁰Brix Total soluble solids, 0.83% Titratable acidity, 6.32 PH) of the product during storage time.

Suggested Citation

  • Anjum Munir & Tallha Ashraf & Waseem Amjad & Abdul Ghafoor & Sidrah Rehman & Aman Ullah Malik & Oliver Hensel & Muhammad Sultan & Tatiana Morosuk, 2021. "Solar-Hybrid Cold Energy Storage System Coupled with Cooling Pads Backup: A Step towards Decentralized Storage of Perishables," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-20, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7633-:d:679610
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7633/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/22/7633/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sheikh, Munawar A., 2010. "Energy and renewable energy scenario of Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 14(1), pages 354-363, January.
    2. Ghafoor, Abdul & Rehman, Tanzeel ur & Munir, Anjum & Ahmad, Manzoor & Iqbal, Muhammad, 2016. "Current status and overview of renewable energy potential in Pakistan for continuous energy sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1332-1342.
    3. Diaconu, Bogdan M. & Varga, Szabolcs & Oliveira, Armando C., 2011. "Numerical simulation of a solar-assisted ejector air conditioning system with cold storage," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 1280-1291.
    4. Ghafoor, Abdul & Munir, Anjum, 2015. "Design and economics analysis of an off-grid PV system for household electrification," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 496-502.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Sultan & Muhammad Hamid Mahmood & Md Shamim Ahamed & Redmond R. Shamshiri & Muhammad Wakil Shahzad, 2022. "Energy Systems and Applications in Agriculture," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(23), pages 1-3, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Shabbir, Noman & Usman, Muhammad & Jawad, Muhammad & Zafar, Muhammad H. & Iqbal, Muhammad N. & Kütt, Lauri, 2020. "Economic analysis and impact on national grid by domestic photovoltaic system installations in Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 509-521.
    2. Muhammad Irfan & Zhen-Yu Zhao & Munir Ahmad & Marie Claire Mukeshimana, 2019. "Solar Energy Development in Pakistan: Barriers and Policy Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-18, February.
    3. Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen & Zuha Anjum & Nabila Yasin & Leenah Siddiqui & Ifzana Farhat & Suheel Abdullah Malik & Saad Mekhilef & Mehdi Seyedmahmoudian & Ben Horan & Mohamed Darwish & Muhammad Aamir &, 2018. "The Prospective Non-Conventional Alternate and Renewable Energy Sources in Pakistan—A Focus on Biomass Energy for Power Generation, Transportation, and Industrial Fuel," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-49, September.
    4. Tahir, Z.R. & Asim, Muhammad, 2018. "Surface measured solar radiation data and solar energy resource assessment of Pakistan: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P2), pages 2839-2861.
    5. Riaz Uddin & Abdurrahman Javid Shaikh & Hashim Raza Khan & Muhammad Ayaz Shirazi & Athar Rashid & Saad Ahmed Qazi, 2021. "Renewable Energy Perspectives of Pakistan and Turkey: Current Analysis and Policy Recommendations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-28, March.
    6. Solangi, Yasir Ahmed & Longsheng, Cheng & Shah, Syed Ahsan Ali, 2021. "Assessing and overcoming the renewable energy barriers for sustainable development in Pakistan: An integrated AHP and fuzzy TOPSIS approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 209-222.
    7. Wakeel, Muhammad & Hayat, Tasawer & Shah, Noor Samad & Iqbal, Jibran & Haq Khan, Zia Ul & Shah, Ghulam Mustafa & Rasool, Atta, 2023. "Biogas Energy Resources in Pakistan Status, Potential, and Barriers," Utilities Policy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    8. Syed Ahsan Ali Shah & Gordhan Das Valasai & Asif Ali Memon & Abdul Nasir Laghari & Nabi Bux Jalbani & Jody L. Strait, 2018. "Techno-Economic Analysis of Solar PV Electricity Supply to Rural Areas of Balochistan, Pakistan," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-19, July.
    9. Zulfiqar Ali Baloch & Qingmei Tan & Hafiz Waqas Kamran & Muhammad Atif Nawaz & Gadah Albashar & Javaria Hameed, 2022. "A multi-perspective assessment approach of renewable energy production: policy perspective analysis," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 2164-2192, February.
    10. Ghafoor, Abdul & Rehman, Tanzeel ur & Munir, Anjum & Ahmad, Manzoor & Iqbal, Muhammad, 2016. "Current status and overview of renewable energy potential in Pakistan for continuous energy sustainability," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 1332-1342.
    11. Kamran, Muhammad & Asghar, Rohail & Mudassar, Muhammad & Abid, Muhammad Irfan, 2019. "Designing and economic aspects of run-of-canal based micro-hydro system on Balloki-Sulaimanki Link Canal-I for remote villages in Punjab, Pakistan," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 76-87.
    12. Ullah, Kafait & Raza, Muhammad Shabbar & Mirza, Faisal Mehmood, 2019. "Barriers to hydro-power resource utilization in Pakistan: A mixed approach," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 723-735.
    13. Arshad, Muhammad & Bano, Ijaz & Khan, Nasrullah & Shahzad, Mirza Imran & Younus, Muhammad & Abbas, Mazhar & Iqbal, Munawar, 2018. "Electricity generation from biogas of poultry waste: An assessment of potential and feasibility in Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1241-1246.
    14. Sohoo, Ihsanullah & Ritzkowski, Marco & Heerenklage, Jörn & Kuchta, Kerstin, 2021. "Biochemical methane potential assessment of municipal solid waste generated in Asian cities: A case study of Karachi, Pakistan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    15. Abdul, Daud & Wenqi, Jiang & Tanveer, Arsalan, 2022. "Prioritization of renewable energy source for electricity generation through AHP-VIKOR integrated methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 1018-1032.
    16. Okay, Kamil & Eray, Sermet & Eray, Aynur, 2022. "Development of prototype battery management system for PV system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1294-1304.
    17. Rashwan, Sherif S. & Shaaban, Ahmed M. & Al-Suliman, Fahad, 2017. "A comparative study of a small-scale solar PV power plant in Saudi Arabia," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 313-318.
    18. Rafique, M. Mujahid & Rehman, S., 2017. "National energy scenario of Pakistan – Current status, future alternatives, and institutional infrastructure: An overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 156-167.
    19. Bensch, Gunther & Grimm, Michael & Huppertz, Maximilian & Langbein, Jörg & Peters, Jörg, 2018. "Are promotion programs needed to establish off-grid solar energy markets? Evidence from rural Burkina Faso," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 90(C), pages 1060-1068.
    20. Ghaith, Ahmad F. & Epplin, Francis M. & Frazier, R. Scott, 2017. "Economics of grid-tied household solar panel systems versus grid-only electricity," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 407-424.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:22:p:7633-:d:679610. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.