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Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review

Author

Listed:
  • Pablo Fernández-Bustamante

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Oscar Barambones

    (System Engineering and Automation Department, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Isidro Calvo

    (System Engineering and Automation Department, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Cristian Napole

    (System Engineering and Automation Department, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

  • Mohamed Derbeli

    (System Engineering and Automation Department, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country University (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain)

Abstract

Renewable sources of energy play a key role in the process of decarbonizing modern electric power systems. However, some renewable sources of energy operate in an intermittent, non-dispatchable way, which may affect the balance of the electrical grid. In this scenario, wind turbine generators must participate in the system frequency control to avoid jeopardizing the transmission and distribution systems. For that reason, additional control strategies are needed to ensure the frequency response of variable-speed wind turbines. This review article analyzes diverse control strategies at different levels which are aimed at contributing to power balancing and system frequency control, including energy storage systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Pablo Fernández-Bustamante & Oscar Barambones & Isidro Calvo & Cristian Napole & Mohamed Derbeli, 2021. "Provision of Frequency Response from Wind Farms: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-24, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:20:p:6689-:d:656859
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    Cited by:

    1. Hui Liu & Peng Wang & Teyang Zhao & Zhenggang Fan & Houlin Pan, 2022. "A Group-Based Droop Control Strategy Considering Pitch Angle Protection to Deloaded Wind Farms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-23, April.
    2. Aksher Bhowon & Khaled M. Abo-Al-Ez & Marco Adonis, 2022. "Variable-Speed Wind Turbines for Grid Frequency Support: A Systematic Literature Review," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Schwidtal, Jan Marc & Agostini, Marco & Coppo, Massimiliano & Bignucolo, Fabio & Lorenzoni, Arturo, 2023. "Optimized operation of distributed energy resources: The opportunities of value stacking for Power-to-Gas aggregated with PV," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 334(C).
    4. Muhammad Salman Shahid & Seun Osonuga & Nana Kofi Twum-Duah & Sacha Hodencq & Benoit Delinchant & Frédéric Wurtz, 2023. "An Assessment of Energy Flexibility Solutions from the Perspective of Low-Tech," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(7), pages 1-29, April.
    5. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    6. Jimiao Zhang & Jie Li, 2024. "Hybrid Deloading Control Strategy in MMC-Based Wind Energy Conversion Systems for Enhanced Frequency Regulation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(5), pages 1-22, March.
    7. Matheus Schramm Dall’Asta & Telles Brunelli Lazzarin, 2024. "A Review of Fast Power-Reserve Control Techniques in Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(2), pages 1-29, January.

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