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Operating Limits for Ammonia Fuel Spark-Ignition Engine

Author

Listed:
  • Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle

    (PRISME, University Orléans, INSA-CVL, F-45072 Orléans, France)

  • Pierre Bréquigny

    (PRISME, University Orléans, INSA-CVL, F-45072 Orléans, France)

  • Clément Dumand

    (Stellantis—PSA Centre Technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villlacoublay, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France)

  • Sébastien Houillé

    (Stellantis—PSA Centre Technique de Vélizy, Vélizy-Villlacoublay, F-78140 Vélizy-Villacoublay, France)

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to provide new data about the possibility of using ammonia as a carbon-free fuel in a spark-ignition engine. A current GDI PSA engine (Compression Ratio 10.5:1) was chosen in order to update the results available in the literature mainly obtained in the CFR engine. Particular attention was paid to determine the lowest possible load limit when the engine is supplied with pure ammonia or a small amount of H 2 , depending on engine speed, in order to highlight the limitation during cold start conditions. It can be concluded that this engine can run stably in most of these operating conditions with less than 10% H 2 (of the total fuel volume) added to NH 3 . Measurements of exhaust pollutants, and in particular NOx, have made it possible to evaluate the possibility of diluting the intake gases and its limitation during combustion with pure H 2 under slightly supercharged conditions. In conclusion, the 10% dilution limit allows a reduction of up to 40% in NOx while guaranteeing stable operation.

Suggested Citation

  • Christine Mounaïm-Rousselle & Pierre Bréquigny & Clément Dumand & Sébastien Houillé, 2021. "Operating Limits for Ammonia Fuel Spark-Ignition Engine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-13, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:14:p:4141-:d:591209
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ryu, Kyunghyun & Zacharakis-Jutz, George E. & Kong, Song-Charng, 2014. "Effects of gaseous ammonia direct injection on performance characteristics of a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 206-215.
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    Cited by:

    1. Rafael Estevez & Francisco J. López-Tenllado & Laura Aguado-Deblas & Felipa M. Bautista & Antonio A. Romero & Diego Luna, 2023. "Current Research on Green Ammonia (NH 3 ) as a Potential Vector Energy for Power Storage and Engine Fuels: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(14), pages 1-33, July.
    2. Nadimi, Ebrahim & Przybyła, Grzegorz & Løvås, Terese & Peczkis, Grzegorz & Adamczyk, Wojciech, 2023. "Experimental and numerical study on direct injection of liquid ammonia and its injection timing in an ammonia-biodiesel dual injection engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 284(C).

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