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Baselines for Energy Use and Carbon Emission Intensities in Hellenic Nonresidential Buildings

Author

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  • Kalliopi G. Droutsa

    (Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece
    Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece)

  • Constantinos A. Balaras

    (Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece)

  • Spyridon Lykoudis

    (Enargia WG, Akrita 66, 24132 Kalamata, Greece)

  • Simon Kontoyiannidis

    (Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece)

  • Elena G. Dascalaki

    (Group Energy Conservation, Institute for Environmental Research & Sustainable Development, National Observatory of Athens, 118 10 Athens, Greece)

  • Athanassios A. Argiriou

    (Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics, Department of Physics, School of Science, University of Patras, 265 04 Patras, Greece)

Abstract

This work exploits data from 30,000 energy performance certificates of whole nonresidential (NR) buildings in Greece. The available information is analyzed for 30 different NR building uses (e.g., hotels, schools, sports facilities, hospitals, retails, offices) and four main services (space heating, space cooling, domestic hot water and lighting). Data are screened in order to exclude outliers and checked for consistency with the Hellenic NR building stock. The average energy use and CO 2 emission intensities for all building uses are calculated, as well as the respective energy ratings in order to gain a better understanding of the NR sector. Finally, in an attempt to determine whether these values are representative for the various Hellenic NR building uses, their temporal evolution is investigated. The average primary energy use intensity is 448.0 kWh/m 2 for all NR buildings, while the CO 2 emissions reach 147.5 kgCO 2 /m 2 . The derived energy baselines reveal that indoor sports halls/swimming pools have the highest energy use, while private cram schools/conservatories have the lowest, due to their operational patterns. Generally, from the four services taken into account, lighting is the most energy consuming, followed by cooling, heating and finally domestic hot water. For a total of 11 building uses, more data from the certificates will be necessary for deriving representative baselines, but, when it comes to buildings categories, more data are required.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalliopi G. Droutsa & Constantinos A. Balaras & Spyridon Lykoudis & Simon Kontoyiannidis & Elena G. Dascalaki & Athanassios A. Argiriou, 2020. "Baselines for Energy Use and Carbon Emission Intensities in Hellenic Nonresidential Buildings," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-29, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:8:p:2100-:d:349233
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Droutsa, Kalliopi G. & Kontoyiannidis, Simon & Dascalaki, Elena G. & Balaras, Constantinos A., 2016. "Mapping the energy performance of hellenic residential buildings from EPC (energy performance certificate) data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 284-295.
    2. Pasichnyi, Oleksii & Wallin, Jörgen & Levihn, Fabian & Shahrokni, Hossein & Kordas, Olga, 2019. "Energy performance certificates — New opportunities for data-enabled urban energy policy instruments?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 486-499.
    3. Dall’O’, Giuliano & Sarto, Luca & Sanna, Nicola & Tonetti, Valeria & Ventura, Martina, 2015. "On the use of an energy certification database to create indicators for energy planning purposes: Application in northern Italy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 207-217.
    4. Mathew, Paul A. & Dunn, Laurel N. & Sohn, Michael D. & Mercado, Andrea & Custudio, Claudine & Walter, Travis, 2015. "Big-data for building energy performance: Lessons from assembling a very large national database of building energy use," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 85-93.
    5. Dascalaki, E.G. & Balaras, C.A. & Gaglia, A.G. & Droutsa, K.G. & Kontoyiannidis, S., 2012. "Energy performance of buildings—EPBD in Greece," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 45(C), pages 469-477.
    6. Marta Gangolells & Miquel Casals & Jaume Ferré-Bigorra & Núria Forcada & Marcel Macarulla & Kàtia Gaspar & Blanca Tejedor, 2019. "Energy Benchmarking of Existing Office Stock in Spain: Trends and Drivers," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-24, November.
    7. Antonio Attanasio & Marco Savino Piscitelli & Silvia Chiusano & Alfonso Capozzoli & Tania Cerquitelli, 2019. "Towards an Automated, Fast and Interpretable Estimation Model of Heating Energy Demand: A Data-Driven Approach Exploiting Building Energy Certificates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-25, April.
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    Cited by:

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    4. Constantinos A. Balaras, 2022. "Building Energy Audits—Diagnosis and Retrofitting towards Decarbonization and Sustainable Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(6), pages 1-4, March.

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