IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v13y2020i11p2802-d366014.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol

Author

Listed:
  • Hamed Pourzolfaghar

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Faisal Abnisa

    (Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia)

  • Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud

    (Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia)

  • Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua

    (Centre for Carbon Dioxide Capture and Utilization (CCDCU), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Malaysia
    Department of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YW, UK)

  • Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia

    (School of Information, Systems and Modelling, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia)

Abstract

The present investigation aimed to study the physicochemical characteristics of supported catalysts comprising various percentages of zinc dispersed over SiO 2 . The physiochemical properties of these catalysts were surveyed by N 2 physisorption (BET), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), H 2 temperature-programmed reduction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption (NH 3 -TPD). In addition, to examine the activity and performance of the catalysts for the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of the bio-oil oxygenated compounds, the experimental reaction runs, as well as stability and durability tests, were performed using 3% Zn/SiO 2 as the catalyst. Characterization of silica-supported zinc catalysts revealed an even dispersion of the active site over the support in the various dopings of the zinc. The acidity of the calcinated catalysts elevated clearly up to 0.481 mmol/g. Moreover, characteristic outcomes indicate that elevating the doping of zinc metal led to interaction and substitution of proton sites on the SiO 2 surface that finally resulted in an increase in the desorption temperature peak. The experiments were performed at temperature 500 °C, pressure 1 atm; weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) 0.32 (h −1 ); feed flow rate 0.5 (mL/min); and hydrogen flow rate 150 (mL/min). Based on the results, it was revealed that among all the prepared catalysts, that with 3% of zinc had the highest conversion efficiency up to 80%. However, the selectivity of the major products, analyzed by gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID), was not influenced by the variation in the active site doping.

Suggested Citation

  • Hamed Pourzolfaghar & Faisal Abnisa & Wan Mohd Ashri Wan Daud & Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2020. "Catalyst Characteristics and Performance of Silica-Supported Zinc for Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-13, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2802-:d:366014
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2802/pdf
    Download Restriction: no

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/13/11/2802/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mahlia, T.M.I. & Syazmi, Z.A.H.S. & Mofijur, M. & Abas, A.E. Pg & Bilad, M.R. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Silitonga, A.S., 2020. "Patent landscape review on biodiesel production: Technology updates," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    2. Silitonga, A.S. & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Ong, H.C. & Chong, W.T. & Boosroh, M.H., 2013. "Overview properties of biodiesel diesel blends from edible and non-edible feedstock," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 346-360.
    3. Mason, I.G. & Page, S.C. & Williamson, A.G., 2010. "A 100% renewable electricity generation system for New Zealand utilising hydro, wind, geothermal and biomass resources," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 3973-3984, August.
    4. Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Masjuki, H.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Silitonga, A.S. & Chong, W.T. & Yusaf, Talal, 2014. "Engine performance and emissions using Jatropha curcas, Ceiba pentandra and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in a CI diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 427-445.
    5. Silitonga, A.S. & Shamsuddin, A.H. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Milano, Jassinne & Kusumo, F. & Siswantoro, Joko & Dharma, S. & Sebayang, A.H. & Masjuki, H.H. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan, 2020. "Biodiesel synthesis from Ceiba pentandra oil by microwave irradiation-assisted transesterification: ELM modeling and optimization," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 1278-1291.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. T. M. Indra Mahlia & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, 2021. "Energy for Sustainable Future," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(23), pages 1-2, November.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Razali Thaib & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Jassinnee Milano & Abd. Halim Shamsuddin & Abdi Hanra Sebayang & Rahmawaty & Joko Sutrisno & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Biodiesel Production from Reutealis trisperma Oil Using Conventional and Ultrasonication through Esterification and Transesterification," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-15, March.
    2. M. Mofijur & F. Kusumo & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & H. M. Mahmudul & M. G. Rasul & A. H. Shamsuddin & T. M. I. Mahlia, 2020. "Resource Recovery from Waste Coffee Grounds Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Technology for Bioenergy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-15, April.
    3. Jing Han Siow & Muhammad Roil Bilad & Wahyu Caesarendra & Jia Jia Leam & Mohammad Azmi Bustam & Nonni Soraya Sambudi & Yusuf Wibisono & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2021. "Progress in Development of Nanostructured Manganese Oxide as Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reaction," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(19), pages 1-16, October.
    4. Mujtaba, M.A. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Gul, M. & Farooq, M. & Soudagar, Manzoore Elahi M. & Ahmed, Waqar & Harith, M.H. & Yusoff, M.N.A.M., 2020. "Ultrasound-assisted process optimization and tribological characteristics of biodiesel from palm-sesame oil via response surface methodology and extreme learning machine - Cuckoo search," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 202-214.
    5. M. A. Mujtaba & H. H. Masjuki & M. A. Kalam & Fahad Noor & Muhammad Farooq & Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Gul & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Shahid Bashir & I. M. Rizwanul Fattah & L. Razzaq, 2020. "Effect of Additivized Biodiesel Blends on Diesel Engine Performance, Emission, Tribological Characteristics, and Lubricant Tribology," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-16, July.
    6. Khairil & Teuku Meurah Indra Riayatsyah & Samsul Bahri & Sarwo Edhy Sofyan & Jalaluddin Jalaluddin & Fitranto Kusumo & Arridina Susan Silitonga & Yanti Padli & Muhammad Jihad & Abd Halim Shamsuddin, 2020. "Experimental Study on the Performance of an SI Engine Fueled by Waste Plastic Pyrolysis Oil–Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-15, August.
    7. Nong, Duy & Nguyen, Duong Binh & Nguyen, Trung H. & Wang, Can & Siriwardana, Mahinda, 2020. "A stronger energy strategy for a new era of economic development in Vietnam: A quantitative assessment," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
    8. Hwai Chyuan Ong & M. Mofijur & A.S. Silitonga & D. Gumilang & Fitranto Kusumo & T.M.I. Mahlia, 2020. "Physicochemical Properties of Biodiesel Synthesised from Grape Seed, Philippine Tung, Kesambi, and Palm Oils," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(6), pages 1-14, March.
    9. Hoang Chinh Nguyen & Fu-Ming Wang & Kim Khue Dinh & Thanh Truc Pham & Horng-Yi Juan & Nguyen Phuong Nguyen & Hwai Chyuan Ong & Chia-Hung Su, 2020. "Microwave-Assisted Noncatalytic Esterification of Fatty Acid for Biodiesel Production: A Kinetic Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-15, May.
    10. Fayaz Hussain & Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar & Asif Afzal & M.A. Mujtaba & I.M. Rizwanul Fattah & Bharat Naik & Mohammed Huzaifa Mulla & Irfan Anjum Badruddin & T. M. Yunus Khan & Vallapudi Dhana Raju &, 2020. "Enhancement in Combustion, Performance, and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled with Ce-ZnO Nanoparticle Additive Added to Soybean Biodiesel Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-20, September.
    11. Aditiya, H.B. & Mahlia, T.M.I. & Chong, W.T. & Nur, Hadi & Sebayang, A.H., 2016. "Second generation bioethanol production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 631-653.
    12. Fazril Ideris & Mohd Faiz Muaz Ahmad Zamri & Abd Halim Shamsuddin & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Fitranto Kusumo & Islam Md Rizwanul Fattah & Teuku Meurah Indra Mahlia, 2022. "Progress on Conventional and Advanced Techniques of In Situ Transesterification of Microalgae Lipids for Biodiesel Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-32, September.
    13. Mei Yin Ong & Saifuddin Nomanbhay & Fitranto Kusumo & Raja Mohamad Hafriz Raja Shahruzzaman & Abd Halim Shamsuddin, 2021. "Modeling and Optimization of Microwave-Based Bio-Jet Fuel from Coconut Oil: Investigation of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Artificial Neural Network Methodology (ANN)," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-17, January.
    14. Tayari, Sara & Abedi, Reza & Rahi, Abbas, 2020. "Comparative assessment of engine performance and emissions fueled with three different biodiesel generations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 1058-1069.
    15. Mahmudul, H.M. & Rasul, M.G. & Akbar, D. & Narayanan, R. & Mofijur, M., 2022. "Food waste as a source of sustainable energy: Technical, economical, environmental and regulatory feasibility analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 166(C).
    16. Muhammad, Gul & Alam, Md Asraful & Mofijur, M. & Jahirul, M.I. & Lv, Yongkun & Xiong, Wenlong & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Xu, Jingliang, 2021. "Modern developmental aspects in the field of economical harvesting and biodiesel production from microalgae biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    17. M. Mofijur & M.M. Hasan & T.M.I. Mahlia & S.M. Ashrafur Rahman & A.S. Silitonga & Hwai Chyuan Ong, 2019. "Performance and Emission Parameters of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) Engine: A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-21, September.
    18. M. Mofijur & T.M.I. Mahlia & J. Logeswaran & M. Anwar & A.S. Silitonga & S.M. Ashrafur Rahman & A.H. Shamsuddin, 2019. "Potential of Rice Industry Biomass as a Renewable Energy Source," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-21, October.
    19. Aydın, Selman, 2020. "Comprehensive analysis of combustion, performance and emissions of power generator diesel engine fueled with different source of biodiesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C).
    20. Bilgili, Levent, 2023. "A systematic review on the acceptance of alternative marine fuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:13:y:2020:i:11:p:2802-:d:366014. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.