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Modeling and Simulation Studies Analyzing the Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) and PRO-Hybridized Processes

Author

Listed:
  • Sung Ho Chae

    (School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea)

  • Young Mi Kim

    (Membrane Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea)

  • Hosik Park

    (Membrane Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea)

  • Jangwon Seo

    (Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Korea)

  • Seung Ji Lim

    (School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea)

  • Joon Ha Kim

    (School of Earth Science and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Korea
    Membrane Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea)

Abstract

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is viewed as a highly promising renewable energy process that generates energy without carbon emissions in the age of the climate change regime. While many experimental studies have contributed to the quest for an efficiency that would make the PRO process commercially viable, computational modeling and simulation studies have played crucial roles in investigating the efficiency of PRO, particularly the concept of hybridizing the PRO process with reverse osmosis (RO). It is crucial for researchers to understand the implications of the simulation and modeling works in order to promote the further development of PRO. To that end, the authors collected many relevant papers and reorganized their important methodologies and results. This review, first of all, presents the mathematical derivation of the fundamental modeling theories regarding PRO including water flux and concentration polarization equations. After that, those theories and thermodynamic theories are then applied to depict the limitations of a stand-alone PRO process and the effectiveness of an RO-PRO hybridized process. Lastly, the review diagnoses the challenges facing PRO-basis processes which are insufficiently resolved by conventional engineering approaches and, in response, presents alternative modeling and simulation approaches as well as novel technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Sung Ho Chae & Young Mi Kim & Hosik Park & Jangwon Seo & Seung Ji Lim & Joon Ha Kim, 2019. "Modeling and Simulation Studies Analyzing the Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO) and PRO-Hybridized Processes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-38, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:2:p:243-:d:197601
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wan, Chun Feng & Chung, Tai-Shung, 2016. "Energy recovery by pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) in SWRO–PRO integrated processes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 687-698.
    2. Jihye Kim & Kwanho Jeong & Myoung Jun Park & Ho Kyong Shon & Joon Ha Kim, 2015. "Recent Advances in Osmotic Energy Generation via Pressure-Retarded Osmosis (PRO): A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-25, October.
    3. Prante, Jeri L. & Ruskowitz, Jeffrey A. & Childress, Amy E. & Achilli, Andrea, 2014. "RO-PRO desalination: An integrated low-energy approach to seawater desalination," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 104-114.
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    Cited by:

    1. Endre Nagy & Ibrar Ibrar & Ali Braytee & Béla Iván, 2022. "Study of Pressure Retarded Osmosis Process in Hollow Fiber Membrane: Cylindrical Model for Description of Energy Production," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(10), pages 1-23, May.
    2. Elizabeth I. Obode & Ahmed Badreldin & Samer Adham & Marcelo Castier & Ahmed Abdel-Wahab, 2022. "Techno-Economic Analysis towards Full-Scale Pressure Retarded Osmosis Plants," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-24, December.

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