IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i20p3872-d275925.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Active and Reactive Power Control of a PV Generator for Grid Code Compliance

Author

Listed:
  • Ana Cabrera-Tobar

    (Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Técnica del Norte. Av. 17 de Julio, Ibarra 100107, Ecuador)

  • Eduard Bullich-Massagué

    (Department d’Enginyeria Elèctrica, Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionamients (CITCEA-UPC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC. Av. Diagonal 647, Pl. 2., 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba

    (Department d’Enginyeria Elèctrica, Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionamients (CITCEA-UPC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC. Av. Diagonal 647, Pl. 2., 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

  • Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

    (Department d’Enginyeria Elèctrica, Centre d’Innovació Tecnològica en Convertidors Estàtics i Accionamients (CITCEA-UPC), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, UPC. Av. Diagonal 647, Pl. 2., 08028 Barcelona, Spain)

Abstract

As new grid codes have been created to permit the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants into the transmission system, the enhancement of the local control of the photovoltaic (PV) generators is necessary. Thus, the objective of this paper is to present a local controller of active and reactive power to comply the new requirements asked by the transmission system operators despite the variation of ambient conditions without using extra devices. For this purpose, the control considers the instantaneous capability curves of the PV generator which vary due to the change of solar irradiance, temperature, dc voltage and modulation index. To validate the control, the PV generator is modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory ® and tested under different ambient conditions. The results show that the control developed can modify the active and reactive power delivered to the desired value at different solar irradiance and temperature.

Suggested Citation

  • Ana Cabrera-Tobar & Eduard Bullich-Massagué & Mònica Aragüés-Peñalba & Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt, 2019. "Active and Reactive Power Control of a PV Generator for Grid Code Compliance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-25, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3872-:d:275925
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3872/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/20/3872/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hung, Duong Quoc & Mithulananthan, N. & Bansal, R.C., 2014. "Integration of PV and BES units in commercial distribution systems considering energy loss and voltage stability," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1162-1170.
    2. Sánchez Reinoso, Carlos R. & Milone, Diego H. & Buitrago, Román H., 2013. "Simulation of photovoltaic centrals with dynamic shading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 278-289.
    3. Luo, Lizi & Gu, Wei & Zhang, Xiao-Ping & Cao, Ge & Wang, Weijun & Zhu, Gang & You, Dingjun & Wu, Zhi, 2018. "Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generation in distribution systems with PV solar farm utilized as STATCOM (PV-STATCOM)," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 210(C), pages 1092-1100.
    4. Shah, Rakibuzzaman & Mithulananthan, N. & Bansal, R.C. & Ramachandaramurthy, V.K., 2015. "A review of key power system stability challenges for large-scale PV integration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 1423-1436.
    5. van Haaren, Rob & Morjaria, Mahesh & Fthenakis, Vasilis, 2015. "An energy storage algorithm for ramp rate control of utility scale PV (photovoltaics) plants," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 894-902.
    6. Eltawil, Mohamed A. & Zhao, Zhengming, 2013. "MPPT techniques for photovoltaic applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 793-813.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Joseph Oyekale & Mario Petrollese & Vittorio Tola & Giorgio Cau, 2020. "Impacts of Renewable Energy Resources on Effectiveness of Grid-Integrated Systems: Succinct Review of Current Challenges and Potential Solution Strategies," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(18), pages 1-48, September.
    2. Mohammadi Fathabad, Abolhassan & Cheng, Jianqiang & Pan, Kai & Yang, Boshi, 2023. "Asymptotically tight conic approximations for chance-constrained AC optimal power flow," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 305(2), pages 738-753.
    3. Donghyeon Lee & Seungwan Son & Insu Kim, 2021. "Optimal Allocation of Large-Capacity Distributed Generation with the Volt/Var Control Capability Using Particle Swarm Optimization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, May.
    4. Jose Miguel Riquelme-Dominguez & Sergio Martinez, 2020. "A Photovoltaic Power Curtailment Method for Operation on Both Sides of the Power-Voltage Curve," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(15), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Hrvoje Bulat & Dubravko Franković & Saša Vlahinić, 2021. "Enhanced Contingency Analysis—A Power System Operator Tool," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-21, February.
    6. Mahmoud Aref & Almoataz Y. Abdelaziz & Zong Woo Geem & Junhee Hong & Farag K. Abo-Elyousr, 2023. "Oscillation Damping Neuro-Based Controllers Augmented Solar Energy Penetration Management of Power System Stability," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-21, March.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Twaha, Ssennoga & Ishaque, Kashif & Al-Turki, Yusuf A., 2017. "A review on maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems with and without shading conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 144-159.
    2. Belhaouas, N. & Cheikh, M.-S. Ait & Agathoklis, P. & Oularbi, M.-R. & Amrouche, B. & Sedraoui, K. & Djilali, N., 2017. "PV array power output maximization under partial shading using new shifted PV array arrangements," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 187(C), pages 326-337.
    3. Liu, Yi-Hua & Chen, Jing-Hsiao & Huang, Jia-Wei, 2015. "A review of maximum power point tracking techniques for use in partially shaded conditions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 436-453.
    4. Temitayo O. Olowu & Aditya Sundararajan & Masood Moghaddami & Arif I. Sarwat, 2018. "Future Challenges and Mitigation Methods for High Photovoltaic Penetration: A Survey," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(7), pages 1-32, July.
    5. Shivashankar, S. & Mekhilef, Saad & Mokhlis, Hazlie & Karimi, M., 2016. "Mitigating methods of power fluctuation of photovoltaic (PV) sources – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1170-1184.
    6. Susanto, Julius & Shahnia, Farhad & Ludwig, David, 2018. "A framework to technically evaluate integration of utility-scale photovoltaic plants to weak power distribution systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 207-221.
    7. Lupangu, C. & Bansal, R.C., 2017. "A review of technical issues on the development of solar photovoltaic systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 950-965.
    8. Li, Guiqiang & Jin, Yi & Akram, M.W. & Chen, Xiao & Ji, Jie, 2018. "Application of bio-inspired algorithms in maximum power point tracking for PV systems under partial shading conditions – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 840-873.
    9. Ram, J. Prasanth & Babu, T. Sudhakar & Rajasekar, N., 2017. "A comprehensive review on solar PV maximum power point tracking techniques," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 826-847.
    10. Guido C. Guerrero-Liquet & Santiago Oviedo-Casado & J. M. Sánchez-Lozano & M. Socorro García-Cascales & Javier Prior & Antonio Urbina, 2018. "Determination of the Optimal Size of Photovoltaic Systems by Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Methods," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-18, December.
    11. Cabrera-Tobar, Ana & Bullich-Massagué, Eduard & Aragüés-Peñalba, Mònica & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol, 2016. "Review of advanced grid requirements for the integration of large scale photovoltaic power plants in the transmission system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 971-987.
    12. Xinghua Wang & Fucheng Zhong & Yilin Xu & Xixian Liu & Zezhong Li & Jianan Liu & Zhuoli Zhao, 2023. "Extraction and Joint Method of PV–Load Typical Scenes Considering Temporal and Spatial Distribution Characteristics," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(18), pages 1-19, September.
    13. Hung, Duong Quoc & Mithulananthan, N. & Bansal, R.C., 2014. "An optimal investment planning framework for multiple distributed generation units in industrial distribution systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 62-72.
    14. Monteiro, Raul V.A. & Guimarães, Geraldo C. & Silva, Fernando Bento & da Silva Teixeira, Raoni F. & Carvalho, Bismarck C. & Finazzi, Antônio de P. & de Vasconcellos, Arnulfo B., 2018. "A medium-term analysis of the reduction in technical losses on distribution systems with variable demand using artificial neural networks: An Electrical Energy Storage approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1216-1228.
    15. Frate, Claudio Albuquerque & Brannstrom, Christian, 2017. "Stakeholder subjectivities regarding barriers and drivers to the introduction of utility-scale solar photovoltaic power in Brazil," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 346-352.
    16. Fernández-Guillamón, Ana & Gómez-Lázaro, Emilio & Muljadi, Eduard & Molina-García, Ángel, 2019. "Power systems with high renewable energy sources: A review of inertia and frequency control strategies over time," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    17. Luo, Lizi & Wu, Zhi & Gu, Wei & Huang, He & Gao, Song & Han, Jun, 2020. "Coordinated allocation of distributed generation resources and electric vehicle charging stations in distribution systems with vehicle-to-grid interaction," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C).
    18. Tao Xu & He Meng & Jie Zhu & Wei Wei & He Zhao & Han Yang & Zijin Li & Yuhan Wu, 2021. "Optimal Capacity Allocation of Energy Storage in Distribution Networks Considering Active/Reactive Coordination," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-24, March.
    19. Wagner A. Vilela Junior & Antonio P. Coimbra & Gabriel A. Wainer & Joao Caetano Neto & Jose A. G. Cararo & Marcio R. C. Reis & Paulo V. Santos & Wesley P. Calixto, 2021. "Analysis and Adequacy Methodology for Voltage Violations in Distribution Power Grid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-21, July.
    20. Yang, Yuqing & Bremner, Stephen & Menictas, Chris & Kay, Merlinde, 2022. "Forecasting error processing techniques and frequency domain decomposition for forecasting error compensation and renewable energy firming in hybrid systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3872-:d:275925. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.