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Solid Particles in Natural Gas from a Transportation Network: A Chemical Composition Study

Author

Listed:
  • Maxime Cachia

    (CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Helioparc-2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France
    CNRS/Total/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, LFCR-IPRA UMR 5150, 64000 Pau, France
    Teréga, 40 Avenue de l’Europe CS 20 522, 64010 Pau CEDEX, France)

  • Hervé Carrier

    (CNRS/Total/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, LFCR-IPRA UMR 5150, 64000 Pau, France)

  • Brice Bouyssiere

    (CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Helioparc-2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France)

  • Philippe Le Coustumer

    (CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Helioparc-2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France)

  • Pierre Chiquet

    (Teréga, 40 Avenue de l’Europe CS 20 522, 64010 Pau CEDEX, France)

  • Guilhem Caumette

    (Teréga, 40 Avenue de l’Europe CS 20 522, 64010 Pau CEDEX, France)

  • Isabelle Le Hécho

    (CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour/E2S UPPA, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour L’Environnement et les Matériaux, UMR5254, Helioparc-2 Avenue du Président Angot, 64000 Pau, France)

Abstract

This paper aims to provide the elemental composition of particles found in natural gas. Particle sampling is performed on cellulose filters obtained from an industrial gas storage facility, and the qualitative particle composition is determined by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results establish that natural gas may contain solid particles, with sizes ranging from less than 1 μm to more than 50 μm. The observed particles are composed of numerous elements, such as aluminum (Al), silica (Si), sulphur (S), chloride (Cl), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), manganese (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), vanadium (V), potassium (K), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), silver (Ag), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), and barium (Ba), with relative occurrences ranging from 1 to 85%. Moreover, metallic elements enable the formation of larger particles as a result of the agglomeration of smaller particles.

Suggested Citation

  • Maxime Cachia & Hervé Carrier & Brice Bouyssiere & Philippe Le Coustumer & Pierre Chiquet & Guilhem Caumette & Isabelle Le Hécho, 2019. "Solid Particles in Natural Gas from a Transportation Network: A Chemical Composition Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-8, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:20:p:3866-:d:275795
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Özge Dilaver & Zafer Dilaver & Lester C Hunt, 2013. "What Drives Natural Gas Consumption in Europe? Analysis and Projections," Surrey Energy Economics Centre (SEEC), School of Economics Discussion Papers (SEEDS) 143, Surrey Energy Economics Centre (SEEC), School of Economics, University of Surrey.
    2. Farzaneh-Gord, Mahmood & Niazmand, Amir & Deymi-Dashtebayaz, Mahdi & Rahbari, Hamid Reza, 2015. "Effects of natural gas compositions on CNG (compressed natural gas) reciprocating compressors performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 90(P1), pages 1152-1162.
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