IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v12y2019i17p3356-d262639.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Assessment of the Carbon and Cost Savings of a Combined Diesel Generator, Solar Photovoltaic, and Flywheel Energy Storage Islanded Grid System

Author

Listed:
  • Mustafa E. Amiryar

    (School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering at City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK)

  • Keith R. Pullen

    (School of Mathematics, Computer Science and Engineering at City, University of London, London EC1V 0HB, UK)

Abstract

The use of diesel generators to provide power for islanded grids has been the technology of choice but they generate substantial carbon emissions unless the part or all the fuel comes from a renewable source. Notwithstanding this, the engine must be sized to meet maximum demand and will operate inefficiently at part load most of the time, which is particularly bad for a synchronous constant speed engine. Given the availability of low cost solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, it is very enticing to fit a diesel generator and allow the engine to be turned off during PV generation. However, this combination will not work without some form of energy storage since it takes time for the engine to start, leading to gaps in supply and instability of the system. Lithium-ion batteries are typically considered to be the best solution to this problem because they have a high response rate, costs are lower, and they are available as products. However, they will suffer from the limited cycle and calendar life due to high cycling requirements in the application described. It is, therefore, proposed that a flywheel system could offer a lower lifetime cost alternative since only short duration bridging power storage is needed and flywheels of appropriate design can offer lower power cost than Lithium-ion battery systems. Flywheels are particularly attractive since they have a very high calendar with almost an infinite cycle life and are fully recyclable at the end of life. This research, therefore, presents an assessment of the flywheel energy storage system (FESS) as an alternative to electrochemical batteries to supplement solar PV systems backed up by diesel generators. The model of an islanded PV system combined with a diesel generator and a FESS supplying power to a residential load is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. The results of the analysis for the cases with and without storage based on a number of different charge-discharge strategies provide evidence to support this hypothesis.

Suggested Citation

  • Mustafa E. Amiryar & Keith R. Pullen, 2019. "Assessment of the Carbon and Cost Savings of a Combined Diesel Generator, Solar Photovoltaic, and Flywheel Energy Storage Islanded Grid System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(17), pages 1-25, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:17:p:3356-:d:262639
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/17/3356/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/17/3356/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Hadjipaschalis, Ioannis & Poullikkas, Andreas & Efthimiou, Venizelos, 2009. "Overview of current and future energy storage technologies for electric power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(6-7), pages 1513-1522, August.
    2. McKenna, Eoghan & Thomson, Murray, 2016. "High-resolution stochastic integrated thermal–electrical domestic demand model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 445-461.
    3. Sebastián, R. & Peña Alzola, R., 2012. "Flywheel energy storage systems: Review and simulation for an isolated wind power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6803-6813.
    4. Dehghani-Sanij, A.R. & Tharumalingam, E. & Dusseault, M.B. & Fraser, R., 2019. "Study of energy storage systems and environmental challenges of batteries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 192-208.
    5. Bolund, Björn & Bernhoff, Hans & Leijon, Mats, 2007. "Flywheel energy and power storage systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 235-258, February.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Abid Soomro & Keith R. Pullen & Mustafa E. Amiryar, 2021. "Hybrid PV System with High Speed Flywheel Energy Storage for Remote Residential Loads," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(2), pages 1-26, April.
    2. Chatree Wattanasilp & Roongrojana Songprakorp & Annop Nopharatana & Charoenchai Khompatraporn, 2021. "Techno-Cost-Benefit Analysis of Biogas Production from Industrial Cassava Starch Wastewater in Thailand for Optimal Utilization with Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-22, January.
    3. Mustafa E. Amiryar & Keith R. Pullen, 2020. "Analysis of Standby Losses and Charging Cycles in Flywheel Energy Storage Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-22, August.
    4. José Luis Monroy-Morales & Rafael Peña-Alzola & David Campos-Gaona & Olimpo Anaya-Lara, 2022. "Complete Transitions of Hybrid Wind-Diesel Systems with Clutch and Flywheel-Based Energy Storage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-18, September.
    5. Rachana Vidhi & Prasanna Shrivastava & Abhishek Parikh, 2021. "Social and Technological Impact of Businesses Surrounding Electric Vehicles," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 3(1), pages 1-17, February.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Arani, A.A. Khodadoost & Karami, H. & Gharehpetian, G.B. & Hejazi, M.S.A., 2017. "Review of Flywheel Energy Storage Systems structures and applications in power systems and microgrids," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 9-18.
    2. Ramli, Makbul A.M. & Hiendro, Ayong & Twaha, Ssennoga, 2015. "Economic analysis of PV/diesel hybrid system with flywheel energy storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 398-405.
    3. Zakeri, Behnam & Syri, Sanna, 2015. "Electrical energy storage systems: A comparative life cycle cost analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 569-596.
    4. Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Villafáfila-Robles, Roberto, 2012. "A review of energy storage technologies for wind power applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 2154-2171.
    5. Mehrabankhomartash, Mahmoud & Rayati, Mohammad & Sheikhi, Aras & Ranjbar, Ali Mohammad, 2017. "Practical battery size optimization of a PV system by considering individual customer damage function," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 36-50.
    6. Nasiri, M. & Milimonfared, J. & Fathi, S.H., 2015. "A review of low-voltage ride-through enhancement methods for permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 399-415.
    7. Md. Shafiul Alam & Tanzi Ahmed Chowdhury & Abhishak Dhar & Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail & M. S. H. Choudhury & Md Shafiullah & Md. Ismail Hossain & Md. Alamgir Hossain & Aasim Ullah & Syed Masiur Rahman, 2023. "Solar and Wind Energy Integrated System Frequency Control: A Critical Review on Recent Developments," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-31, January.
    8. Shkolnikov, E.I. & Zhuk, A.Z. & Vlaskin, M.S., 2011. "Aluminum as energy carrier: Feasibility analysis and current technologies overview," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(9), pages 4611-4623.
    9. Mousavi G, S.M. & Faraji, Faramarz & Majazi, Abbas & Al-Haddad, Kamal, 2017. "A comprehensive review of Flywheel Energy Storage System technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 477-490.
    10. Luo, Xing & Wang, Jihong & Dooner, Mark & Clarke, Jonathan, 2015. "Overview of current development in electrical energy storage technologies and the application potential in power system operation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 511-536.
    11. Koohi-Kamali, Sam & Tyagi, V.V. & Rahim, N.A. & Panwar, N.L. & Mokhlis, H., 2013. "Emergence of energy storage technologies as the solution for reliable operation of smart power systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 135-165.
    12. Valdés, R. & Lucio, J.H. & Rodríguez, L.R., 2013. "Operational simulation of wind power plants for electrolytic hydrogen production connected to a distributed electricity generation grid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 249-257.
    13. Sebastián, R. & Peña Alzola, R., 2012. "Flywheel energy storage systems: Review and simulation for an isolated wind power system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 16(9), pages 6803-6813.
    14. Das, Choton K. & Bass, Octavian & Kothapalli, Ganesh & Mahmoud, Thair S. & Habibi, Daryoush, 2018. "Overview of energy storage systems in distribution networks: Placement, sizing, operation, and power quality," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1205-1230.
    15. Olabi, A.G. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Sayed, Enas Taha & Abo-Khalil, Ahmed G. & Maghrabie, Hussein M. & Elsaid, Khaled & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali, 2022. "Battery energy storage systems and SWOT (strengths, weakness, opportunities, and threats) analysis of batteries in power transmission," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(PA).
    16. Hannan, M.A. & Hoque, M.M. & Mohamed, A. & Ayob, A., 2017. "Review of energy storage systems for electric vehicle applications: Issues and challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 771-789.
    17. Olabi, A.G. & Onumaegbu, C. & Wilberforce, Tabbi & Ramadan, Mohamad & Abdelkareem, Mohammad Ali & Al – Alami, Abdul Hai, 2021. "Critical review of energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 214(C).
    18. Aleksandar Cuculić & Dubravko Vučetić & Rene Prenc & Jasmin Ćelić, 2019. "Analysis of Energy Storage Implementation on Dynamically Positioned Vessels," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-19, January.
    19. Zhao, Haoran & Guo, Sen & Zhao, Huiru, 2019. "Comprehensive assessment for battery energy storage systems based on fuzzy-MCDM considering risk preferences," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 450-461.
    20. Díaz-González, Francisco & Sumper, Andreas & Gomis-Bellmunt, Oriol & Bianchi, Fernando D., 2013. "Energy management of flywheel-based energy storage device for wind power smoothing," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 207-219.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:12:y:2019:i:17:p:3356-:d:262639. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.