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A Review of Tip Clearance in Propeller, Pump and Turbine

Author

Listed:
  • Yabin Liu

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Lei Tan

    (State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

  • Binbin Wang

    (Geochemical and Environmental Research Group, Texas A and M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA)

Abstract

Propellers, pumps, and turbines are widely applied in marine equipment, water systems, and hydropower stations. With the increasing demand for energy conservation and environmental protection, the high efficiency and the stable operation of pumps and turbine have been drawing great attention in recent decades. However, the tip clearance between the rotating impeller and the stationary shroud can induce leakage flow and interact with the main stream, introducing complex vortex structures. Consequently, the energy performance and the operation stability of pumps and turbines deteriorate considerably. Constant efforts are exerted to investigate the flow mechanism of tip-clearance flow and its induced influence on performance. However, due to various pump and turbine types and the complexity of tip-clearance flow, previous works are usually focused on a specific issue. Therefore, a systematic review that synthesizes the related research is necessary and meaningful. This review investigates related research in the recent two decades in the perspectives from fundamental physics to engineering applications. Results reveal the vortex types, trajectory, evolution, and cavitation behaviors induced by tip-clearance flow. It is concluded that the influence characteristics of tip clearance on energy performance are closely related to the machinery type. Tip-clearance size and tip shape are found to be crucial parameters for tip-leakage vortex (TLV). The proposed optimization schemes are also demonstrated to provide inspiration for future research. Overall, this review article provides a coherent insight into the characteristics of tip-clearance flow and the associated engineering-design applications. On the basis of these understandings, comments on conducted research and ideas on future research are proposed.

Suggested Citation

  • Yabin Liu & Lei Tan & Binbin Wang, 2018. "A Review of Tip Clearance in Propeller, Pump and Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-30, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:9:p:2202-:d:165236
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Liu, Yabin & Tan, Lei, 2018. "Method of C groove on vortex suppression and energy performance improvement for a NACA0009 hydrofoil with tip clearance in tidal energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 448-461.
    2. Amponsah, Nana Yaw & Troldborg, Mads & Kington, Bethany & Aalders, Inge & Hough, Rupert Lloyd, 2014. "Greenhouse gas emissions from renewable energy sources: A review of lifecycle considerations," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 461-475.
    3. Yabin Liu & Lei Tan & Yue Hao & Yun Xu, 2017. "Energy Performance and Flow Patterns of a Mixed-Flow Pump with Different Tip Clearance Sizes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-15, February.
    4. Wenwu Zhang & Zhiyi Yu & Baoshan Zhu, 2017. "Influence of Tip Clearance on Pressure Fluctuation in Low Specific Speed Mixed-Flow Pump Passage," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-16, January.
    5. Ravi Koirala & Baoshan Zhu & Hari Prasad Neopane, 2016. "Effect of Guide Vane Clearance Gap on Francis Turbine Performance," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-14, April.
    6. Yabin Liu & Lei Tan & Ming Liu & Yue Hao & Yun Xu, 2017. "Influence of Prewhirl Angle and Axial Distance on Energy Performance and Pressure Fluctuation for a Centrifugal Pump with Inlet Guide Vanes," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-14, May.
    7. Yue Hao & Lei Tan & Yabin Liu & Yun Xu & Jinsong Zhang & Baoshan Zhu, 2017. "Energy Performance and Radial Force of a Mixed-Flow Pump with Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Tip Clearances," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-13, January.
    8. Coelho, B. & Andrade-Campos, A., 2014. "Efficiency achievement in water supply systems—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 59-84.
    9. Guo, Qiang & Zhou, Lingjiu & Wang, Zhengwei, 2016. "Numerical evaluation of the clearance geometries effect on the flow field and performance of a hydrofoil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 390-397.
    10. Hao, Yue & Tan, Lei, 2018. "Symmetrical and unsymmetrical tip clearances on cavitation performance and radial force of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 368-376.
    11. Liu, Yabin & Tan, Lei, 2018. "Tip clearance on pressure fluctuation intensity and vortex characteristic of a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(PA), pages 606-615.
    12. Thakker, A. & Dhanasekaran, T.S., 2004. "Computed effects of tip clearance on performance of impulse turbine for wave energy conversion," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 29(4), pages 529-547.
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    Cited by:

    1. Han, Yadong & Tan, Lei, 2020. "Influence of rotating speed on tip leakage vortex in a mixed flow pump as turbine at pump mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 144-150.
    2. Zhijian Li & Wei Wang & Xiang Ji & Xiaofang Wang, 2021. "Investigation of Water Injection Influence on Cloud Cavitating Vortical Flow for a NACA66 (MOD) Hydrofoil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-21, September.
    3. Zhenwei Huang & Yadong Han & Lei Tan & Chuibing Huang, 2019. "Influence of T-Shape Tip Clearance on Energy Performance and Broadband Noise for a NACA0009 Hydrofoil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-13, October.
    4. Nirmal Acharya & Saroj Gautam & Sailesh Chitrakar & Chirag Trivedi & Ole Gunnar Dahlhaug, 2021. "Leakage Vortex Progression through a Guide Vane’s Clearance Gap and the Resulting Pressure Fluctuation in a Francis Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-19, July.
    5. Yong-In Kim & Sang-Yeol Lee & Kyoung-Yong Lee & Sang-Ho Yang & Young-Seok Choi, 2020. "Numerical Investigation of Performance and Flow Characteristics of a Tunnel Ventilation Axial Fan with Thickness Profile Treatments of NACA Airfoil," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-29, November.
    6. Huang, Zhenwei & Huang, Zhenyou & Fan, Honggang, 2020. "Influence of C groove on energy performance and noise source of a NACA0009 hydrofoil with tip clearance," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 726-735.
    7. Shuli Hong & Guoping Huang & Yuxuan Yang & Zepeng Liu, 2018. "Introduction of DMD Method to Study the Dynamic Structures of a Three-Dimensional Centrifugal Compressor with and without Flow Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-12, November.
    8. Kan, Kan & Binama, Maxime & Chen, Huixiang & Zheng, Yuan & Zhou, Daqing & Su, Wentao & Muhirwa, Alexis, 2022. "Pump as turbine cavitation performance for both conventional and reverse operating modes: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    9. Shi, Guangtai & Liu, Zongku & Xiao, Yexiang & Yang, Hong & Li, Helin & Liu, Xiaobing, 2020. "Effect of the inlet gas void fraction on the tip leakage vortex in a multiphase pump," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 46-57.
    10. Thomazoni, André Luis Ribeiro & Ermel, Conrado & Schneider, Paulo Smith & Vieira, Lara Werncke & Hunt, Julian David & Ferreira, Sandro Barros & Rech, Charles & Gouvêa, Vinicius Santorum, 2022. "Influence of operational parameters on the performance of Tesla turbines: Experimental investigation of a small-scale turbine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    11. Xiangyu Su & Xiaodong Ren & Xuesong Li & Chunwei Gu, 2019. "Unsteadiness of Tip Leakage Flow in the Detached-Eddy Simulation on a Transonic Rotor with Vortex Breakdown Phenomenon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-20, March.
    12. Shi, Guangtai & Liu, Zongku & Xiao, Yexiang & Li, Helin & Liu, Xiaobing, 2020. "Tip leakage vortex trajectory and dynamics in a multiphase pump at off-design condition," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 703-711.

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