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Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus

Author

Listed:
  • Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi

    (School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Hans Arvidsson

    (RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Box 5053, SE-90403 Umeå, Sweden)

  • Olav Nilsson

    (School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland)

  • Seppo Niemi

    (School of Technology and Innovations, University of Vaasa, Box 700, FI-65101 Vaasa, Finland)

Abstract

Transition to low emission transportation and cleaner cities requires a broad introduction of low- and zero-carbon alternatives to conventional petrol- and diesel-powered vehicles. New-generation gas buses are a cost-effective way to reduce local air pollutants from urban transportation. Moreover, major greenhouse gas (GHG) savings may be achieved using biogas as the power source. The main objective of this research was to investigate CH 4 and other gaseous emissions of a biogas-fueled urban bus equipped with a three-way catalyst (TWC) in real-world conditions. The study focused on emissions from a six-year-old gas-powered city bus, supplementing emission data from aging bus fleets. Impaired CH 4 oxidation and NO x reduction were observed in the catalyst after its service life of 375,000 km–400,000 km. The main reason for low CH 4 and NO x conversion over the TWC was concluded to be the partial deactivation of the catalyst. Another critical issue was the fluctuating air-to-fuel ratio. The results show that the efficiency of exhaust after-treatment systems should be closely monitored over time, as they are exposed to various aging processes under transient driving conditions, leading to increased real-world emissions. However, the well-to-wheels (WTW) analysis showed that an 80% GHG emission benefit could be achieved by switching from diesel to biomethane, giving a strong environmental argument for biogas use.

Suggested Citation

  • Kirsi Spoof-Tuomi & Hans Arvidsson & Olav Nilsson & Seppo Niemi, 2022. "Real-Driving Emissions of an Aging Biogas-Fueled City Bus," Clean Technol., MDPI, vol. 4(4), pages 1-18, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jcltec:v:4:y:2022:i:4:p:59-971:d:931862
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Rosero, Fredy & Fonseca, Natalia & López, José-María & Casanova, Jesús, 2021. "Effects of passenger load, road grade, and congestion level on real-world fuel consumption and emissions from compressed natural gas and diesel urban buses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(PB).
    2. Pan & Lei Tao & Kang Sun & Levi M. Golston & David J. Miller & Tong Zhu & Yue Qin & Yan Zhang & Denise L. Mauzerall & Mark A. Zondlo, 2020. "Methane emissions from natural gas vehicles in China," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 11(1), pages 1-10, December.
    3. Krzysztof Biernat & Izabela Samson-Bręk & Zdzisław Chłopek & Marlena Owczuk & Anna Matuszewska, 2021. "Assessment of the Environmental Impact of Using Methane Fuels to Supply Internal Combustion Engines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-19, June.
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