Joel Cohen was asked by the conference organizers to focus a critical eye on demographic projections and to give special attention to the outlook for the elderly and for total dependency ratios. He was very faithful to his assignment. I have only a few points to raise about his paper before going on to discuss one issue that he did not cover (and was not asked to cover) but that I think should be addressed as part of a comprehensive treatment of population prospects for the year 2050. The issue is the current youth bulge in many of the world's poorest countries that have yet to reap the economic benefits of the demographic transition.
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