IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/journl/vxxvy2022i1p563-582.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Credit Policy of Commercial Banks in EU and the Asset Quality of Non-Financial Corporate Loan Portfolio in 2009-2021

Author

Listed:
  • Aneta Kosztowniak

Abstract

Purpose: The study aims to identify changes in the credit activity of banks in EU, including the loan portfolio of non-financial corporation’s (NFCs) and main determinants of non-performing loans (NPLs) in Poland in the period Q1.2009 - Q4.2021. Design/Methodology/Approach: The study presents the differences in the NPL rates and debt servicing costs in the Visegrad Group countries, as well as Germany and France. The author presents the results of an overview of NPL research on EU countries. In modelling the NPLs granted to NFCs in Poland the variables used are, macroeconomic (market), financial variables of corporations, and banking conditions. Findings: The analysis of NPL changes shows that there was a long-term downward trend confirming the improvement in the quality of the portfolio of loans of NFCs. However, the last quarters (during the COVID pandemic) have brought an increase in the NPLs. Results of the impulse function confirmed, that the NPLs showed declining trends in response to impulses from, NPL's own changes, GDP, CPI, WIBOR, ROAC, GFCF, TOFSP and the increasing trends in response to changes, CROAC, GTPR, AIRCL, CAR and CR of CR. Results of variance decomposition indicate that the main pillar of the explanation of NPL changes were, GDP, GFCF as well as CPI and WIBOR. Practical Implications: The results of the research will enable the management of the loan portfolio of NFCs and credit risk management. Orginality/Value: The article contains a literature review and current research results concerning the analyzed issue Results of the NPLs research confirmed the pro-cyclical nature of lending activity in Poland in the verified years.

Suggested Citation

  • Aneta Kosztowniak, 2022. "Credit Policy of Commercial Banks in EU and the Asset Quality of Non-Financial Corporate Loan Portfolio in 2009-2021," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 563-582.
    • Handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxv:y:2022:i:1:p:563-582
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.ersj.eu/journal/2871/download
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Raghuram G. Rajan, 1994. "Why Bank Credit Policies Fluctuate: A Theory and Some Evidence," The Quarterly Journal of Economics, President and Fellows of Harvard College, vol. 109(2), pages 399-441.
    2. Louzis, Dimitrios P. & Vouldis, Angelos T. & Metaxas, Vasilios L., 2012. "Macroeconomic and bank-specific determinants of non-performing loans in Greece: A comparative study of mortgage, business and consumer loan portfolios," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 1012-1027.
    3. Fiordelisi, Franco & Marques-Ibanez, David & Molyneux, Phil, 2011. "Efficiency and risk in European banking," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 1315-1326, May.
    4. Dimitrios, Anastasiou & Helen, Louri & Mike, Tsionas, 2016. "Determinants of non-performing loans: Evidence from Euro-area countries," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 18(C), pages 116-119.
    5. Vasiliki Makri & Athanasios Tsagkanos & Athanasios Bellas, 2014. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 61(2), pages 193-206, March.
    6. Teodor Hada & Nicoleta Bărbuță-Mișu & Iulia Cristina Iuga & Dorin Wainberg, 2020. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Nonperforming Loans of Romanian Banks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    7. Abdelkader Boudriga & Neila Boulila Taktak & Sana Jellouli, 2010. "Bank Specific, Business and Institutional Environment Determinants of Banks Nonperforming Loans: Evidence from MENA Countries," Working Papers 547, Economic Research Forum, revised 09 Jan 2010.
    8. Gabriel Jiménez & Jesús Saurina, 2006. "Credit Cycles, Credit Risk, and Prudential Regulation," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 2(2), May.
    9. Ibish Mazreku & Fisnik Morina & Valdrin Misiri & Jonathan V. Spiteri & Simon Grima, 2018. "Determinants of the Level of Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks of Transition Countries," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 3-13.
    10. Fofack, Hippolyte L., 2005. "Nonperforming loans in Sub-Saharan Africa : causal analysis and macroeconomic implications," Policy Research Working Paper Series 3769, The World Bank.
    11. Vicente Salas & Jesús Saurina, 2002. "Credit Risk in Two Institutional Regimes: Spanish Commercial and Savings Banks," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 22(3), pages 203-224, December.
    12. Eleftherios I. Thalassinos & Theodoros Stamatopoulos & Pantelis E. Thalassinos, 2015. "The European Sovereign Debt Crisis and the Role of Credit Swaps," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Anastasios G Malliaris & William T Ziemba (ed.), THE WORLD SCIENTIFIC HANDBOOK OF FUTURES MARKETS, chapter 20, pages 605-639, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    13. Constant, Fouopi Djiogap & Augustin Ngomsi, 2012. "Determinants of Bank Long-term Lending Behavior in the Central African Economic and Monetary Community (CEMAC)," Review of Economics & Finance, Better Advances Press, Canada, vol. 2, pages 107-114, May.
    14. Constantin Zaman & Bogdan Meunier, 2017. "A Decade of EU Membership: Evolution of Competitiveness in Romania," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(2A), pages 224-236.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hasna Chaibi, 2016. "Determinants of Problem Loans: Non-performing Loans vs. Loan Quality Deterioration," International Business Research, Canadian Center of Science and Education, vol. 9(10), pages 86-93, October.
    2. Laxmi Koju & Ram Koju & Shouyang Wang, 2018. "Does Banking Management Affect Credit Risk? Evidence from the Indian Banking System," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 6(3), pages 1-11, July.
    3. Ionut – Daniel Pop, 2019. "Systemic Sustainability of European Banking Activity: A Multi-Perspective Approach," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 9(3), pages 49-58, July.
    4. Saom Shawleen Anita & Nishat Tasnova & Nousheen Nawar, 2022. "Are non-performing loans sensitive to macroeconomic determinants? an empirical evidence from banking sector of SAARC countries," Future Business Journal, Springer, vol. 8(1), pages 1-16, December.
    5. Louhichi, Awatef & Boujelbene, Younes, 2016. "Credit risk, managerial behaviour and macroeconomic equilibrium within dual banking systems: Interest-free vs. interest-based banking industries," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 104-121.
    6. Petr Jakubik & Eyup Kadioglu, 2022. "Factors affecting bank loan quality: a panel analysis of emerging markets," International Economics and Economic Policy, Springer, vol. 19(3), pages 437-458, July.
    7. Barra, Cristian & Ruggiero, Nazzareno, 2021. "Do microeconomic and macroeconomic factors influence Italian bank credit risk in different local markets? Evidence from cooperative and non-cooperative banks," Journal of Economics and Business, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    8. Vasiliki Makri & Athanasios Tsagkanos & Athanasios Bellas, 2014. "Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone," Panoeconomicus, Savez ekonomista Vojvodine, Novi Sad, Serbia, vol. 61(2), pages 193-206, March.
    9. Us, Vuslat, 2017. "Dynamics of non-performing loans in the Turkish banking sector by an ownership breakdown: The impact of the global crisis," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 109-117.
    10. Özen Ercan & Hodžić Sabina & Yildirim Ahmet Eren, 2022. "The Linkage Between Fiscal Policy and Non-Performing Household Loans in Turkey," South East European Journal of Economics and Business, Sciendo, vol. 17(2), pages 113-124, December.
    11. Changjun Zheng & Probir Kumar Bhowmik & Niluthpaul Sarker, 2019. "Industry-Specific and Macroeconomic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: A Comparative Analysis of ARDL and VECM," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-17, December.
    12. Maryem Naili & Younes Lahrichi, 2022. "The determinants of banks' credit risk: Review of the literature and future research agenda," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 27(1), pages 334-360, January.
    13. Imad Jabbouri & Maryem Naili, 2020. "Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Emerging Markets: Evidence from the MENA Region," Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies (RPBFMP), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(04), pages 1-33, February.
    14. Cândida Ferreira, 2022. "Determinants of Non-performing Loans: A Panel Data Approach," International Advances in Economic Research, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 28(3), pages 133-153, November.
    15. Acheampong, Albert & Elshandidy, Tamer, 2021. "Does soft information determine credit risk? Text-based evidence from European banks," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    16. Ibish Mazreku & Fisnik Morina & Valdrin Misiri & Jonathan V. Spiteri & Simon Grima, 2018. "Determinants of the Level of Non-Performing Loans in Commercial Banks of Transition Countries," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(3), pages 3-13.
    17. Teodor Hada & Nicoleta Bărbuță-Mișu & Iulia Cristina Iuga & Dorin Wainberg, 2020. "Macroeconomic Determinants of Nonperforming Loans of Romanian Banks," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-19, September.
    18. Florian Manz, 2019. "Determinants of non-performing loans: What do we know? A systematic review and avenues for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 69(4), pages 351-389, November.
    19. Burim Gashi, 2021. "Impact of Bank Specific and Macro Determinants on Non-performing Loans of Polish Banking Sector," Economic Studies journal, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences - Economic Research Institute, issue 7, pages 129-147.
    20. Vasiliki MAKRI & Konstantinos PAPADATOS, 2016. "Determinants Of Loan Quality: Lessons From Greek Cooperative Banks," Review of Economic and Business Studies, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, issue 17, pages 115-140, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Banks; credit policy; asset quality; loan portfolio; NPLs; NFCs; credit risk; UE; Poland.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E4 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates
    • E5 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit
    • G2 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:ers:journl:v:xxv:y:2022:i:1:p:563-582. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Marios Agiomavritis (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://ersj.eu/ .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.