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La brecha salarial de género entre los universitarios recién titulados. ¿Qué tanto influye el tipo de carrera universitaria?

Author

Listed:
  • Cepeda, Laura.

    (Banco de la República, Colombia.)

  • Cardona,Lina.

    (Banco de la República, Colombia.)

  • Barón, Juan D.

    (Banco Mundial.)

Abstract

This paper analyzes the gender wage gap for recent graduates in formal jobs in Colombia emphasizing the role that degree subject plays in explaining the gender wage gap at early stages of the labour market experience. To conduct the analysis we took advantage of a unique dataset that contains administrative records for individuals observed in formal employment one year after graduation from college and that contains detailed information for degree subjects. The results suggest that, on average the wage gap against women is about 11%, from which 40% is explained by gender diferences in the type of degree chosen. By using a distributional gender wage gap decomposition we find evidence not only of an increasing gap at diferent levels of the wage distribution but evidence that only 30% of it is explained by degree subject. This result also supports the existence of a glass ceiling phenomenon from early stages of labour market experience which is of particular interest for policy makers given that, some of the explanations given to the glass ceiling efect are related to experience and promotions, characteristics that are not significantly diferent for recent graduates.// Este artículo analiza la brecha salarial de género entre los universitarios recién titulados que tienen un empleo formal en Colombia, haciendo hincapié en el papel que desempeña el tipo de carrera universitaria en la explicación de la brecha salarial de género en las primeras etapas de la experiencia del mercado laboral. Para realizar este análisis, aprovechamos un conjunto de datos único que contiene los registros administrativos de individuos observados en el empleo formal un año después de titularse, así como información pormenorizada de los distintos tipos de carrera universitaria que estudiaron. Los resultados sugieren que, en promedio, la brecha salarial contra las mujeres es de aproximadamente 11% del cual 40% se explica por las diferencias de género en el tipo de carrera universitaria elegida. Mediante el uso de una descomposición distributiva de la brecha salarial de género hallamos pruebas no sólo de una brecha creciente en distintos niveles de la distribución salarial sino también de que tan sólo 30% de esta brecha se puede explicar con base en el tipo de carrera universitaria. Este resultado también apoya la existencia de un fenómeno de techo de cristal desde las primeras etapas de la experiencia del mercado laboral, lo cual es de particular interés para los encargados de formular políticas dado que algunas de las explicaciones que se ofrecen acerca del efecto de techo de cristal están relacionadas con la experiencia y los ascensos, características que no son significativamente diferentes para los universitarios recién titulados.

Suggested Citation

  • Cepeda, Laura. & Cardona,Lina. & Barón, Juan D., 2014. "La brecha salarial de género entre los universitarios recién titulados. ¿Qué tanto influye el tipo de carrera universitaria?," El Trimestre Económico, Fondo de Cultura Económica, vol. 0(322), pages .441-477, abril-jun.
  • Handle: RePEc:elt:journl:v:81:y:2014:i:322:p:441-477
    DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20430/ete.v81i322.119
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    brecha salarial de género; tipo de carrera universitaria; descomposición.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J71 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Labor Discrimination - - - Hiring and Firing

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