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Energy-efficient shortest routes for electric and hybrid vehicles

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  • Strehler, Martin
  • Merting, Sören
  • Schwan, Christian

Abstract

Electric and hybrid vehicles are a big step towards a greener mobility, but they also open up completely new questions regarding the shortest path problem and the planning of trips. Since recharging an electric car will take much longer than refilling conventional fossil fuels, we have to balance between speed and range and we have to choose stops for charging wisely. For hybrid vehicles, a symbiosis between navigation system and power train control to choose a path with optimal phases for depleting and recharging the battery may yield much more energy-efficient paths. In this paper, we develop an appropriate model for finding shortest routes for these kinds of vehicles, which is mainly a constrained shortest path problem with convertible resources and charging stations. We study properties of solutions by classifying several types of cycles that may occur in the optimal route. We state sufficient conditions to exclude some of these cycle classes and we derive appropriate approximation schemes with provable quality and strict feasibility. We also study the related network flow problem for operating fleets of electric vehicles, e.g., shared vehicles or buses in urban areas.

Suggested Citation

  • Strehler, Martin & Merting, Sören & Schwan, Christian, 2017. "Energy-efficient shortest routes for electric and hybrid vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 111-135.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:transb:v:103:y:2017:i:c:p:111-135
    DOI: 10.1016/j.trb.2017.03.007
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Toheed Ghandriz & Bengt Jacobson & Manjurul Islam & Jonas Hellgren & Leo Laine, 2021. "Transportation-Mission-Based Optimization of Heterogeneous Heavy-Vehicle Fleet Including Electrified Propulsion," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-43, May.
    4. Bektaş, Tolga & Ehmke, Jan Fabian & Psaraftis, Harilaos N. & Puchinger, Jakob, 2019. "The role of operational research in green freight transportation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 274(3), pages 807-823.
    5. Qian Ye & Hyun Kim, 2019. "Partial Node Failure in Shortest Path Network Problems," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(22), pages 1-21, November.
    6. Anders F. Jensen & Thomas K. Rasmussen & Carlo G. Prato, 2020. "A Route Choice Model for Capturing Driver Preferences When Driving Electric and Conventional Vehicles," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-18, February.
    7. Yusuf Yilmaz & Can B. Kalayci, 2022. "Variable Neighborhood Search Algorithms to Solve the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-22, August.
    8. Zhang, Anpeng & Kang, Jee Eun & Kwon, Changhyun, 2017. "Incorporating demand dynamics in multi-period capacitated fast-charging location planning for electric vehicles," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 5-29.
    9. Shaohua Cui & Hui Zhao & Cuiping Zhang, 2018. "Locating Charging Stations of Various Sizes with Different Numbers of Chargers for Battery Electric Vehicles," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-22, November.
    10. Elías Escobar-Gómez & J.L. Camas-Anzueto & Sabino Velázquez-Trujillo & Héctor Hernández-de-León & Rubén Grajales-Coutiño & Eduardo Chandomí-Castellanos & Héctor Guerra-Crespo, 2019. "A Linear Programming Model with Fuzzy Arc for Route Optimization in the Urban Road Network," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-18, November.
    11. Moritz Baum & Julian Dibbelt & Andreas Gemsa & Dorothea Wagner & Tobias Zündorf, 2019. "Shortest Feasible Paths with Charging Stops for Battery Electric Vehicles," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 53(6), pages 1627-1655, November.
    12. Shen, Zuo-Jun Max & Feng, Bo & Mao, Chao & Ran, Lun, 2019. "Optimization models for electric vehicle service operations: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 462-477.
    13. Yongxing Wang & Jun Bi & Chaoru Lu & Cong Ding, 2020. "Route Guidance Strategies for Electric Vehicles by Considering Stochastic Charging Demands in a Time-Varying Road Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(9), pages 1-24, May.
    14. Amit Kumar & Sabyasachee Mishra & Huan Ngo, 2023. "Dynamic Wireless Charging Facility Location Problem for Battery Electric Vehicles under Electricity Constraint," Networks and Spatial Economics, Springer, vol. 23(3), pages 679-713, September.

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