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Does work-to-family conflict really matter for health? Cross-sectional, prospective cohort and fixed-effects analyses

Author

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  • Oshio, Takashi
  • Inoue, Akiomi
  • Tsutsumi, Akizumi

Abstract

It is well known that work-to-family conflict (WFC) is negatively associated with employees’ health outcomes, including mental health and health behavior. However, the associations may be overstated because of insufficient control for unobserved individual attributes. To address this possibility, we compared the associations between WFC and health observed from a cross-sectional, prospective cohort and from fixed-effects regression models. We analyzed data from a Japanese occupational cohort survey of 15,102 observations from 7551 individuals (5947 men and 1604 women), which were collected in two waves with a one-year interval. We constructed a binary variable of high WFC and considered psychological distress measured using the Kessler 6 (K6) score, job and life dissatisfaction, and five types of health behavior (current smoking, problem drinking, leisure-time physical inactivity, sickness absence, and refraining from medical care). Results showed that for men, a high WFC increased the probability of reporting psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 5); this increased by 12.4% in a fixed-effects model. The association was substantially limited, as compared to the increase of 30.9% and 23.2% observed in cross-sectional and prospective cohort models, respectively; however, the association remained significant. Similar patterns were observed for job and life dissatisfaction. In contrast, the associations of WFC with all five types of health behavior were non-significant after controlling for fixed effects. We obtained generally similar results for women and found no substantial gender difference in the fixed-effects models. We concluded that the associations of WFC with employees’ mental health and subjective well-being were robust, whereas the association between WFC and health behavior was generally limited.

Suggested Citation

  • Oshio, Takashi & Inoue, Akiomi & Tsutsumi, Akizumi, 2017. "Does work-to-family conflict really matter for health? Cross-sectional, prospective cohort and fixed-effects analyses," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 36-42.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:socmed:v:175:y:2017:i:c:p:36-42
    DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.12.039
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sekine, Michikazu & Chandola, Tarani & Martikainen, Pekka & Marmot, Michael & Kagamimori, Sadanobu, 2006. "Socioeconomic inequalities in physical and mental functioning of Japanese civil servants: Explanations from work and family characteristics," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(2), pages 430-445, July.
    2. Cooklin, A.R. & Dinh, H. & Strazdins, L. & Westrupp, E. & Leach, L.S. & Nicholson, J.M., 2016. "Change and stability in work–family conflict and mothers' and fathers' mental health: Longitudinal evidence from an Australian cohort," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 24-34.
    3. Jeffrey M Wooldridge, 2010. "Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 2, volume 1, number 0262232588, December.
    4. Oliver Hämmig & Georg Bauer, 2009. "Work-life imbalance and mental health among male and female employees in Switzerland," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 54(2), pages 88-95, April.
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    1. Lea-Sophie Borgmann & Petra Rattay & Thomas Lampert, 2020. "Longitudinal Analysis of Work-to-Family Conflict and Self-Reported General Health among Working Parents in Germany," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(11), pages 1-15, June.
    2. Andrea Rørvik Marti & Eirik Degerud & Tom Sterud, 2022. "Onset of Work-Life Conflict Increases Risk of Subsequent Psychological Distress in the Norwegian Working Population," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(20), pages 1-9, October.
    3. Adam Hege & Michael K. Lemke & Yorghos Apostolopoulos & Brian Whitaker & Sevil Sönmez, 2019. "Work-Life Conflict among U.S. Long-Haul Truck Drivers: Influences of Work Organization, Perceived Job Stress, Sleep, and Organizational Support," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-19, March.
    4. Astrid M Chevance & Oumou S Daouda & Alexandre Salvador & Patrick Légeron & Yannick Morvan & Gilbert Saporta & Mounia N Hocine & Raphaël Gaillard, 2020. "Work-related psychosocial risk factors and psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional study in the French working population," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(5), pages 1-14, May.

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