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Impacts of replacing a fixed public transport line by a demand responsive transport system: Case study of a rural area in Amsterdam

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  • Coutinho, Felipe Mariz
  • van Oort, Niels
  • Christoforou, Zoi
  • Alonso-González, María J.
  • Cats, Oded
  • Hoogendoorn, Serge

Abstract

The diffusion of the smartphone and the urban sprawl is pushing both private and public actors to revisit the concept of demand-responsive transport (DRT). This paper provides a historical overview of DRT experiences, understanding their pros and cons. In addition, it presents the case study of Mokumflex, a 12-month DRT pilot program that replaced the regular bus service in low-density areas of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Based on a close collaboration with the private enterprise that operated the service and also with the local bus operator, we performed an empirical before and after comparison. These insights help to understand the impacts of DRT systems and support (future) design of DRT and public transport. A set of indicators was chosen for the intermodal comparison: travel distances, ridership, costs, Greenhouse Gases (GHG), emissions and population's perception. Ridership dropped from 78.1 passengers/day to 15.9 passengers/day, however, for being “demand-tailored”, passenger-km reduced even more, going from 1252.8 km/day to 136.6 km/day, hence reducing the costs and GHG emissions per passenger. In regards to population's perception, the system enjoyed a good evaluation.

Suggested Citation

  • Coutinho, Felipe Mariz & van Oort, Niels & Christoforou, Zoi & Alonso-González, María J. & Cats, Oded & Hoogendoorn, Serge, 2020. "Impacts of replacing a fixed public transport line by a demand responsive transport system: Case study of a rural area in Amsterdam," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 83(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:retrec:v:83:y:2020:i:c:s0739885920301086
    DOI: 10.1016/j.retrec.2020.100910
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Davison, Lisa & Enoch, Marcus & Ryley, Tim & Quddus, Mohammed & Wang, Chao, 2014. "A survey of Demand Responsive Transport in Great Britain," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 31(C), pages 47-54.
    2. Cervero, Robert & Golub, Aaron, 2007. "Informal transport: A global perspective," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 14(6), pages 445-457, November.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Eugène Loos & Maria Sourbati & Frauke Behrendt, 2020. "The Role of Mobility Digital Ecosystems for Age-Friendly Urban Public Transport: A Narrative Literature Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-16, October.
    2. Sharif Azadeh, Shadi & van der Zee, J. & Wagenvoort, M., 2022. "Choice-driven service network design for an integrated fixed line and demand responsive mobility system," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 166(C), pages 557-574.
    3. Hyunmyung Kim & Jaeheon Choi & Sungjin Cho & Feng Liu & Hyungmin Jin & Suhwan Lim & Dongjun Kim & Jun Lee & Chang-Hyeon Joh, 2022. "Identifying Different Sources of the Benefit: Simulation of DRT Operation in the Heartland and Hinterland Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-20, December.
    4. Sergei Dytckov & Jan A. Persson & Fabian Lorig & Paul Davidsson, 2022. "Potential Benefits of Demand Responsive Transport in Rural Areas: A Simulation Study in Lolland, Denmark," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-21, March.
    5. Nejc Geržinič & Niels Oort & Sascha Hoogendoorn-Lanser & Oded Cats & Serge Hoogendoorn, 2023. "Potential of on-demand services for urban travel," Transportation, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 1289-1321, August.
    6. Yixue Zhang & Steven Farber & Mischa Young, 2022. "Eliminating barriers to nighttime activity participation: the case of on-demand transit in Belleville, Canada," Transportation, Springer, vol. 49(5), pages 1385-1408, October.
    7. Wei Chiang Chan & Wan Hashim Wan Ibrahim & May Chiun Lo & Mohamad Kadim Suaidi & Shiaw Tong Ha, 2020. "Sustainability of Public Transportation: An Examination of User Behavior to Real-Time GPS Tracking Application," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(22), pages 1-20, November.
    8. Imhof, Sebastian & Blättler, Kevin, 2023. "Assessing spatial characteristics to predict DRT demand in rural Switzerland," Research in Transportation Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    9. Cavallaro, Federico & Nocera, Silvio, 2023. "Flexible-route integrated passenger–freight transport in rural areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Demand responsive transport; Fixed public transport; Ridership; Sustainability; Efficient operations;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L92 - Industrial Organization - - Industry Studies: Transportation and Utilities - - - Railroads and Other Surface Transportation
    • R41 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Transportation: Demand, Supply, and Congestion; Travel Time; Safety and Accidents; Transportation Noise
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure

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