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Ice protection systems for wind turbines in cold climate: characteristics, comparisons and analysis

Author

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  • Fakorede, Oloufemi
  • Feger, Zoé
  • Ibrahim, Hussein
  • Ilinca, Adrian
  • Perron, Jean
  • Masson, Christian

Abstract

The impact of icing on wind turbines and energy production in northern regions is a severe problem. Therefore, emphasis on developing ice mitigation systems has become a significant part of the wind energy conversion systems. These systems use various technologies and have different specifications, sometimes with no clear indication of their efficiency. Since the effect of cold climate on wind turbines is complex, not every ice protection system is suitable for a given wind farm. Therefore, the aim of this work is to compare the existing ice mitigation solutions and provide an indication on their efficiency. In this paper, we first review the most recent standards set by experts, and the major issues associated with wind energy in cold climates. Then, we present the ice protection techniques found in the literature, and then highlight the recent research on the optimization of the systems. Finally, we present an analysis of the current market, compare ice protection techniques and systems, based on various criteria, and measure the additional costs generated by ice mitigation.

Suggested Citation

  • Fakorede, Oloufemi & Feger, Zoé & Ibrahim, Hussein & Ilinca, Adrian & Perron, Jean & Masson, Christian, 2016. "Ice protection systems for wind turbines in cold climate: characteristics, comparisons and analysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 662-675.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:65:y:2016:i:c:p:662-675
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.06.080
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Sagol, Ece & Reggio, Marcelo & Ilinca, Adrian, 2013. "Issues concerning roughness on wind turbine blades," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 23(C), pages 514-525.
    2. Dalili, N. & Edrisy, A. & Carriveau, R., 2009. "A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 13(2), pages 428-438, February.
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    Cited by:

    1. Swenson, Lauren & Gao, Linyue & Hong, Jiarong & Shen, Lian, 2022. "An efficacious model for predicting icing-induced energy loss for wind turbines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    2. Gao, Linyue & Tao, Tao & Liu, Yongqian & Hu, Hui, 2021. "A field study of ice accretion and its effects on the power production of utility-scale wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 917-928.
    3. Gao, Linyue & Liu, Yang & Ma, Liqun & Hu, Hui, 2019. "A hybrid strategy combining minimized leading-edge electric-heating and superhydro-/ice-phobic surface coating for wind turbine icing mitigation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 943-956.
    4. Chen, Wanqiu & Qiu, Yingning & Feng, Yanhui & Li, Ye & Kusiak, Andrew, 2021. "Diagnosis of wind turbine faults with transfer learning algorithms," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 2053-2067.
    5. Stoyanov, D.B. & Nixon, J.D. & Sarlak, H., 2021. "Analysis of derating and anti-icing strategies for wind turbines in cold climates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 288(C).
    6. Madi, Ezieddin & Pope, Kevin & Huang, Weimin & Iqbal, Tariq, 2019. "A review of integrating ice detection and mitigation for wind turbine blades," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 269-281.
    7. Yang Zhao & Xi Wang & Qibin Zhou & Zhenxing Wang & Xiaoyan Bian, 2020. "Numerical Study of Lightning Protection of Wind Turbine Blade with De-Icing Electrical Heating System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-11, February.
    8. Albara M. Mustafa & Abbas Barabadi, 2022. "Criteria-Based Fuzzy Logic Risk Analysis of Wind Farms Operation in Cold Climate Regions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    9. Sima Rastayesh & Lijia Long & John Dalsgaard Sørensen & Sebastian Thöns, 2019. "Risk Assessment and Value of Action Analysis for Icing Conditions of Wind Turbines Close to Highways," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-15, July.
    10. Fahed Martini & Leidy Tatiana Contreras Montoya & Adrian Ilinca, 2021. "Review of Wind Turbine Icing Modelling Approaches," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-26, August.
    11. Xiao Wang & Zheng Zheng & Guoqian Jiang & Qun He & Ping Xie, 2022. "Detecting Wind Turbine Blade Icing with a Multiscale Long Short-Term Memory Network," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-19, April.
    12. Sun, Haoyang & Lin, Guiping & Jin, Haichuan & Bu, Xueqin & Cai, Chujiang & Jia, Qi & Ma, Kuiyuan & Wen, Dongsheng, 2021. "Experimental investigation of surface wettability induced anti-icing characteristics in an ice wind tunnel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1179-1190.

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