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Offshore wind energy: A review of the current status, challenges and future development in Spain

Author

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  • Colmenar-Santos, Antonio
  • Perera-Perez, Javier
  • Borge-Diez, David
  • dePalacio-Rodríguez, Carlos

Abstract

Offshore wind energy generation has experienced an important growth in the last five years, reaching currently an installed capacity of almost 8000MW. The most important references in this type of technology are Denmark, Holland, Sweden, Germany and United Kingdom. In Spain, previsions for technology, have been set at around 750MW of installed power during the period 2011–2020. However, Spanish coastal features, social opposition to installations near the coast and lack of a stable regulatory environment guaranteeing the investments are factors which are restraining the development of this technology. This paper presents a brief review of the state of the art of offshore wind technology and it describes the most frequently used types of turbines, transmission systems and support structures in Europe. It also presents the current situation and the expected growth of offshore wind power facilities, introducing the characteristics of the operational – and under construction – windfarms. Finally, it analyses particular problems and solutions for its development in Spain which can be extrapolated to countries with similar circumstances.

Suggested Citation

  • Colmenar-Santos, Antonio & Perera-Perez, Javier & Borge-Diez, David & dePalacio-Rodríguez, Carlos, 2016. "Offshore wind energy: A review of the current status, challenges and future development in Spain," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 1-18.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:rensus:v:64:y:2016:i:c:p:1-18
    DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.05.087
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Choong-Ki & Jang, Seonju & Kim, Tae Yun, 2018. "Site selection for offshore wind farms in the southwest coast of South Korea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 151-162.
    2. Li, He & Teixeira, Angelo P. & Guedes Soares, C., 2020. "A two-stage Failure Mode and Effect Analysis of offshore wind turbines," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1438-1461.
    3. Lucas Cuadra & Miguel Del Pino & José Carlos Nieto-Borge & Sancho Salcedo-Sanz, 2017. "Optimizing the Structure of Distribution Smart Grids with Renewable Generation against Abnormal Conditions: A Complex Networks Approach with Evolutionary Algorithms," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(8), pages 1-31, July.
    4. Laura Cornejo-Bueno & Lucas Cuadra & Silvia Jiménez-Fernández & Javier Acevedo-Rodríguez & Luis Prieto & Sancho Salcedo-Sanz, 2017. "Wind Power Ramp Events Prediction with Hybrid Machine Learning Regression Techniques and Reanalysis Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(11), pages 1-27, November.
    5. Rusu, Eugen, 2020. "An evaluation of the wind energy dynamics in the Baltic Sea, past and future projections," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 350-362.
    6. Santiago Salvador & Xurxo Costoya & Francisco Javier Sanz-Larruga & Luis Gimeno, 2018. "Development of Offshore Wind Power: Contrasting Optimal Wind Sites with Legal Restrictions in Galicia, Spain," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-25, March.
    7. Chen, Xinping & Foley, Aoife & Zhang, Zenghai & Wang, Kaimin & O'Driscoll, Kieran, 2020. "An assessment of wind energy potential in the Beibu Gulf considering the energy demands of the Beibu Gulf Economic Rim," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    8. Rusu, Eugen, 2019. "A 30-year projection of the future wind energy resources in the coastal environment of the Black Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 228-234.
    9. Juan-Manuel Roldan-Fernandez & Javier Serrano-Gonzalez & Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt & Manuel Burgos-Payan, 2021. "Impact of Spanish Offshore Wind Generation in the Iberian Electricity Market: Potential Savings and Policy Implications," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(15), pages 1-17, July.
    10. Cuadra, L. & Ocampo-Estrella, I. & Alexandre, E. & Salcedo-Sanz, S., 2019. "A study on the impact of easements in the deployment of wind farms near airport facilities," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 566-588.
    11. Salvador, Santiago & Gimeno, Luis & Sanz Larruga, F. Javier, 2019. "The influence of maritime spatial planning on the development of marine renewable energies in Portugal and Spain: Legal challenges and opportunities," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 316-328.
    12. Quero García, Pablo & Chica Ruiz, Juan Adolfo & García Sanabria, Javier, 2020. "Blue energy and marine spatial planning in Southern Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    13. Rusu, Liliana, 2019. "The wave and wind power potential in the western Black Sea," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 1146-1158.
    14. Olaofe, Z.O., 2019. "Quantification of the near-surface wind conditions of the African coast: A comparative approach (satellite, NCEP CFSR and WRF-based)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    15. Bhardwaj, U. & Teixeira, A.P. & Soares, C. Guedes, 2019. "Reliability prediction of an offshore wind turbine gearbox," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 693-706.

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