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Experimental–numerical study of heat flow in deep low-enthalpy geothermal conditions

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  • Saeid, Sanaz
  • Al-Khoury, Rafid
  • Nick, Hamidreza M.
  • Barends, Frans

Abstract

This paper presents an intensive experimental–numerical study of heat flow in a saturated porous domain. A temperature and a flow rate range compared to that existing in a typical deep low-enthalpy hydrothermal system is studied. Two main issues are examined: the effect of fluid density and viscosity on heat flow, and the significance and effect of thermal dispersion. Laboratory experiments on a saturated sand layer surrounded by two impermeable clay layers, subjected to different flow rates under cold and hot injection scenarios, and for both vertical and horizontal flow directions, are conducted. A temperature range between 20 °C and 60 °C is studied. The finite element method is utilized to analyze the experimental results. Backcalculations, comparing the numerical results to the experimental results, are conducted to quantify the magnitude of thermal dispersion. A constitutive model describing thermal dispersion in terms of fluid density, viscosity and pore geometry, taking into consideration different injection scenarios, is developed. This study demonstrates the importance of taking the variation of formation water density and viscosity with temperature into consideration in predicting the lifetime of deep low-enthalpy geothermal systems. It shows that if ignored, the lifetime of a system with hot injection will be overestimated, and that with cold injection, will be underestimated.

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  • Saeid, Sanaz & Al-Khoury, Rafid & Nick, Hamidreza M. & Barends, Frans, 2014. "Experimental–numerical study of heat flow in deep low-enthalpy geothermal conditions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 716-730.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:62:y:2014:i:c:p:716-730
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2013.08.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Wagner, Valentin & Bayer, Peter & Kübert, Markus & Blum, Philipp, 2012. "Numerical sensitivity study of thermal response tests," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 245-253.
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    Cited by:

    1. Daniilidis, Alexandros & Saeid, Sanaz & Doonechaly, Nima Gholizadeh, 2021. "The fault plane as the main fluid pathway: Geothermal field development options under subsurface and operational uncertainty," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 927-946.
    2. Daniilidis, Alexandros & Alpsoy, Betül & Herber, Rien, 2017. "Impact of technical and economic uncertainties on the economic performance of a deep geothermal heat system," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(PB), pages 805-816.
    3. Saeid, Sanaz & Al-Khoury, Rafid & Nick, Hamidreza M. & Hicks, Michael A., 2015. "A prototype design model for deep low-enthalpy hydrothermal systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 408-422.
    4. Willems, Cees J.L. & Nick, Hamidreza M. & Weltje, Gert Jan & Bruhn, David F., 2017. "An evaluation of interferences in heat production from low enthalpy geothermal doublets systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 500-512.
    5. Santamarta, Juan C. & García-Gil, Alejandro & Expósito, María del Cristo & Casañas, Elías & Cruz-Pérez, Noelia & Rodríguez-Martín, Jesica & Mejías-Moreno, Miguel & Götzl, Gregor & Gemeni, Vasiliki, 2021. "The clean energy transition of heating and cooling in touristic infrastructures using shallow geothermal energy in the Canary Islands," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 505-515.
    6. Willems, C.J.L. & M. Nick, H., 2019. "Towards optimisation of geothermal heat recovery: An example from the West Netherlands Basin," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 582-593.
    7. Babaei, Masoud & Nick, Hamidreza M., 2019. "Performance of low-enthalpy geothermal systems: Interplay of spatially correlated heterogeneity and well-doublet spacings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    8. Liu, Guihong & Pu, Hai & Zhao, Zhihong & Liu, Yanguang, 2019. "Coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical modeling on well pairs in heterogeneous porous geothermal reservoirs," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 631-653.
    9. Ziabakhsh-Ganji, Zaman & Nick, Hamidreza M. & Donselaar, Marinus E. & Bruhn, David F., 2018. "Synergy potential for oil and geothermal energy exploitation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1433-1447.
    10. Li, Shengtao & Wen, Dongguang & Feng, Bo & Li, Fengyu & Yue, Dongdong & Zhang, Qiuxia & Wang, Junzhao & Feng, Zhaolong, 2023. "Numerical optimization of geothermal energy extraction from deep karst reservoir in North China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 1071-1085.

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