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Simulations and experiments on a 12kW direct driven PM synchronous generator for wind power

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  • Eriksson, Sandra
  • Solum, Andreas
  • Leijon, Mats
  • Bernhoff, Hans

Abstract

A direct driven permanent magnet (PM) synchronous generator has been designed and constructed and results from the first experimental tests are presented. The generator has been designed using the finite element method (FEM) and dynamic simulations have been performed to study the generator. The simulations are performed by using an electromagnetic model, which is described by a combined field and circuit equation model and is solved in a finite element environment. The stator winding of the generator consists of circular cables and the rotor has surface mounted, arched PMs. A complete experimental setup has been constructed consisting of a motor, a frequency converter, a gearbox and electrical loads. Oscilloscopes are used to measure the voltage and the current for each phase. Measurements have been performed for both full load and no load at rated speed. The harmonic content of the voltage is analyzed and compared to results from simulations. Furthermore, the generated electric power has been calculated from knowing the voltage and current and is compared to the simulated power. The agreement between experimental results and results from simulations based on finite element calculations is very high, especially considering harmonics. Several sources of error are suggested that could cause the small differences between the simulated results and the measured data for the constructed generator.

Suggested Citation

  • Eriksson, Sandra & Solum, Andreas & Leijon, Mats & Bernhoff, Hans, 2008. "Simulations and experiments on a 12kW direct driven PM synchronous generator for wind power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(4), pages 674-681.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:33:y:2008:i:4:p:674-681
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2007.03.027
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    1. Lloberas, J. & Sumper, A. & Sanmarti, M. & Granados, X., 2014. "A review of high temperature superconductors for offshore wind power synchronous generators," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 404-414.
    2. Stefan Sjökvist & Sandra Eriksson, 2017. "Investigation of Permanent Magnet Demagnetization in Synchronous Machines during Multiple Short-Circuit Fault Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(10), pages 1-12, October.
    3. Joselin Herbert, G.M. & Iniyan, S. & Amutha, D., 2014. "A review of technical issues on the development of wind farms," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 619-641.
    4. Jesús Antonio Enríquez Santiago & Orlando Lastres Danguillecourt & Guillermo Ibáñez Duharte & Jorge Evaristo Conde Díaz & Antonio Verde Añorve & Quetzalcoatl Hernandez Escobedo & Joel Pantoja Enríquez, 2021. "Dimensioning Optimization of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator for Direct Drive Wind Turbines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(21), pages 1-13, November.
    5. Eriksson, S. & Bernhoff, H. & Bergkvist, M., 2012. "Design of a unique direct driven PM generator adapted for a telecom tower wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 453-456.
    6. Farooqui, Suhail Zaki, 2012. "Conversion of squirrel cage induction motors to wind turbine PMG," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 345-349.
    7. Kjellin, J. & Bülow, F. & Eriksson, S. & Deglaire, P. & Leijon, M. & Bernhoff, H., 2011. "Power coefficient measurement on a 12 kW straight bladed vertical axis wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(11), pages 3050-3053.
    8. Mohd Zin, Abdullah Asuhaimi B. & Pesaran H.A., Mahmoud & Khairuddin, Azhar B. & Jahanshaloo, Leila & Shariati, Omid, 2013. "An overview on doubly fed induction generators′ controls and contributions to wind based electricity generation," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 27(C), pages 692-708.
    9. Anders Goude & Morgan Rossander, 2017. "Force Measurements on a VAWT Blade in Parked Conditions," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-15, November.
    10. Chun-Yu Hsiao & Sheng-Nian Yeh & Jonq-Chin Hwang, 2014. "Design of High Performance Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Wind Generators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 7(11), pages 1-20, November.
    11. Tjiu, Willy & Marnoto, Tjukup & Mat, Sohif & Ruslan, Mohd Hafidz & Sopian, Kamaruzzaman, 2015. "Darrieus vertical axis wind turbine for power generation I: Assessment of Darrieus VAWT configurations," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 50-67.
    12. Sandra Eriksson, 2019. "Design of Permanent-Magnet Linear Generators with Constant-Torque-Angle Control for Wave Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-19, April.
    13. Sofia Kontos & Anar Ibrayeva & Jennifer Leijon & Gustav Mörée & Anna E. Frost & Linus Schönström & Klas Gunnarsson & Peter Svedlindh & Mats Leijon & Sandra Eriksson, 2020. "An Overview of MnAl Permanent Magnets with a Study on Their Potential in Electrical Machines," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-14, October.
    14. Boel Ekergård & Mats Leijon, 2020. "Longitudinal End Effects in a Linear Wave Power Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-11, January.
    15. Oh, Ki-Yong & Lee, Jae-Kyung & Bang, Hyung-Joon & Park, Joon-Young & Lee, Jun-Shin & Epureanu, B.I., 2014. "Development of a 20 kW wind turbine simulator with similarities to a 3 MW wind turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 379-387.
    16. Bülow, Fredrik & Eriksson, Sandra & Bernhoff, Hans, 2012. "No-load core loss prediction of PM generator at low electrical frequency," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 389-392.
    17. Eriksson, Sandra & Bernhoff, Hans, 2011. "Loss evaluation and design optimisation for direct driven permanent magnet synchronous generators for wind power," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 265-271, January.
    18. Morgan Rossander & Eduard Dyachuk & Senad Apelfröjd & Kristian Trolin & Anders Goude & Hans Bernhoff & Sandra Eriksson, 2015. "Evaluation of a Blade Force Measurement System for a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Using Load Cells," Energies, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-24, June.
    19. Victor Mendoza & Anders Goude, 2020. "Validation of Actuator Line and Vortex Models Using Normal Forces Measurements of a Straight-Bladed Vertical Axis Wind Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(3), pages 1-16, January.
    20. Senad Apelfröjd & Sandra Eriksson & Hans Bernhoff, 2016. "A Review of Research on Large Scale Modern Vertical Axis Wind Turbines at Uppsala University," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(7), pages 1-16, July.
    21. Oh, Ki-Yong & Park, Joon-Young & Lee, Jun-Shin & Lee, JaeKyung, 2015. "Implementation of a torque and a collective pitch controller in a wind turbine simulator to characterize the dynamics at three control regions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 150-160.

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