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Towards an integral decision-making process applied to the refrigerant selection in heat pumps

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  • Vering, Christian
  • Kroppa, Hendrik
  • Venzik, Valerius
  • Streblow, Rita
  • Müller, Dirk

Abstract

In practice, there are methods such as EN 15450 designing a heat pump system consisting of a heat pump, auxiliary heater, and thermal energy storage. In heat pumps, the refrigerant has a significant impact on the overall efficiency and thus on its sustainability. However, refrigerant selection is not considered in standard design procedures. Moreover, the refrigerant selection is complex due to many selection criteria, boundary conditions, and stakeholder dependencies. Therefore, a guided procedure is promising to support the selection process. Applying prescriptive decision theory and the PROMETHEE method, a seven-phase selection process is presented, focusing on refrigerant selection for residential applications. Compared to standard selection processes, we integrate a stakeholder dependency into the evaluation to capture process-relevant boundary conditions. We carry out four phases of the decision process and present a reduced refrigerant list for residential heat pumps. Based on stakeholder-dependent and process-relevant boundary conditions, mainly hydrocarbons and their mixtures represent a sustainable selection. However, hydrocarbons are flammable and safety significantly impacts different stakeholders. Hence, a recommendation for further and especially safety measures, which should be proven in living labs, is deduced to increase the quality of the refrigerant selection towards sustainable heat pump systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Vering, Christian & Kroppa, Hendrik & Venzik, Valerius & Streblow, Rita & Müller, Dirk, 2022. "Towards an integral decision-making process applied to the refrigerant selection in heat pumps," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 815-827.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:192:y:2022:i:c:p:815-827
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2022.03.103
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhang, Long & Jiang, Yiqiang & Dong, Jiankai & Yao, Yang, 2018. "Advances in vapor compression air source heat pump system in cold regions: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 353-365.
    2. Wu, Di & Hu, Bin & Wang, R.Z. & Fan, Haibin & Wang, Rujin, 2020. "The performance comparison of high temperature heat pump among R718 and other refrigerants," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 715-722.
    3. Pinamonti, Maria & Baggio, Paolo, 2020. "Energy and economic optimization of solar-assisted heat pump systems with storage technologies for heating and cooling in residential buildings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 157(C), pages 90-99.
    4. Xiao, Biao & Chang, Huawei & He, Lin & Zhao, Shunan & Shu, Shuiming, 2020. "Annual performance analysis of an air source heat pump water heater using a new eco-friendly refrigerant mixture as an alternative to R134a," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(P1), pages 2013-2023.
    5. Jason Papathanasiou & Nikolaos Ploskas, 2018. "Multiple Criteria Decision Aid," Springer Optimization and Its Applications, Springer, number 978-3-319-91648-4, September.
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    1. Tailu Li & Jingyi Wang & Yao Zhang & Ruizhao Gao & Xiang Gao, 2023. "Thermodynamic Performance Comparison of CCHP System Based on Organic Rankine Cycle and Two-Stage Vapor Compression Cycle," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-20, February.

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