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Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions

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  • Heydari, Jafar
  • Govindan, Kannan
  • Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza
  • Taleizadeh, Ata Allah

Abstract

This paper investigates a two-echelon supply chain (SC) with one product and two members, including one manufacturer and one retailer under stochastic demand. A quantity flexibility (QF) contract is applied where the retailer is allowed to update its primary order both downwards and upwards to share overstocking and overproduction risks between both channel members. In the proposed QF model, it is possible for the manufacturer to outsource production based on a reservation fee. The manufacturer's decision variable is in-house/outsource amount while the retailer decides on order quantity. Numerical experiments and sensitivity analyses have been implemented on the contract parameters. The results indicate that outsourcing a fraction of production not only increases the profit of the supply chain but can also increase each member's profit.

Suggested Citation

  • Heydari, Jafar & Govindan, Kannan & Ebrahimi Nasab, Hamid Reza & Taleizadeh, Ata Allah, 2020. "Coordination by quantity flexibility contract in a two-echelon supply chain system: Effect of outsourcing decisions," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:225:y:2020:i:c:s0925527319304256
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.107586
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    4. Clavijo López, Christian & Crama, Yves & Pironet, Thierry & Semet, Frédéric, 2024. "Multi-period distribution networks with purchase commitment contracts," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 312(2), pages 556-572.
    5. Pei, Zhi & Wooldridge, Barbara Ross & Swimberghe, Krist R., 2021. "Manufacturer rebate and channel coordination in O2O retailing," Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    6. Aijun Liu & Dengxue Li & Miao Jie & Zengxian Li, 2022. "Coordination through revenue sharing contract in an E‐commerce supply chain with consumer preference," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 2467-2479, September.
    7. Lijo John & Anand Gurumurthy, 2022. "Are quantity flexibility contracts with discounts in the presence of spot market procurement relevant for the humanitarian supply chain? An exploration," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 1775-1802, August.
    8. Li, Yemei & Shan, Yanfei & Ling, Shuang, 2022. "Research on option pricing and coordination mechanism of festival food supply chain," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 81(C).

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