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Pricing and lot-sizing policies for perishable products with advance-cash-credit payments by a discounted cash-flow analysis

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  • Li, Ruihai
  • Chan, Ya-Lan
  • Chang, Chun-Tao
  • Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo

Abstract

A contractor often requests a customer pay an advance payment when signing a contract to install a new roof. A cash payment to cover the contractor's materials cost is then required upon delivery of the materials to do the job. Then, the contractor grants the customer a credit payment to pay the remainder of the total cost after the work is completed and satisfactory. Hence, an advance-cash-credit (ACC) payment scheme is commonly used in real world business transactions. This paper develops a supplier-retailer-customer chain in which the retailer receives an upstream ACC payment from the supplier while in return offers a downstream cash-credit (some in cash and the rest in credit) payment to customers. Additionally, today's health-conscious consumers judge product freshness through its expiration date because the freshness of a perishable product degrades with time. As a result, the demand for perishable products is influenced by the combined effect of selling price and product freshness linked to expiration date. Taking time value of money into consideration, then an inventory model by using a discounted cash-flow analysis is developed. Furthermore, the present value of total annual profit is demonstrated that is strictly concave in unit price and strictly pseudo-concave in replenishment time, which simplifies the search for the global solution to a local maximum. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is conducted and several managerial insights are obtained.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Ruihai & Chan, Ya-Lan & Chang, Chun-Tao & Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2017. "Pricing and lot-sizing policies for perishable products with advance-cash-credit payments by a discounted cash-flow analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 193(C), pages 578-589.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:proeco:v:193:y:2017:i:c:p:578-589
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpe.2017.08.020
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    Cited by:

    1. Lin Feng & Konstantina Skouri & Wan-Chih Wang & Jinn-Tsair Teng, 2022. "Optimal selling price, replenishment cycle and payment time among advance, cash, and credit payments from the seller’s perspective," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 791-812, August.
    2. Avinadav, Tal, 2020. "The effect of decision rights allocation on a supply chain of perishable products under a revenue-sharing contract," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    3. Raj, Praveen Vijaya Raj Pushpa & Nagarajan, Bagathsingh & Schoenherr, Tobias & Ramkumar, M., 2023. "A comparative investigation of a seller’s disaster payment period policy," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    4. Feng, Lin & Wang, Wan-Chih & Teng, Jinn-Tsair & Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2022. "Pricing and lot-sizing decision for fresh goods when demand depends on unit price, displaying stocks and product age under generalized payments," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(3), pages 940-952.
    5. Li, Ruihai & Liu, YuPing & Teng, Jinn-Tsair & Tsao, Yu-Chung, 2019. "Optimal pricing, lot-sizing and backordering decisions when a seller demands an advance-cash-credit payment scheme," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 278(1), pages 283-295.
    6. Veronika Jezkova & Zuzana Rowland & Veronika Machova & Jan Hejda, 2020. "The Intrinsic Value of an Enterprise Determined by Means of the FCFE Tool," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(21), pages 1-13, October.
    7. Ghiami, Yousef, 2023. "An analysis on production and inventory models with discounted cash-flows," Omega, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    8. Li, Ruihai & Skouri, Konstantina & Teng, Jinn-Tsair & Yang, Wen-Goang, 2018. "Seller's optimal replenishment policy and payment term among advance, cash, and credit payments," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 35-42.
    9. P. Majumder & U. K. Bera & M. Maiti, 2020. "An EPQ model of substitutable products under trade credit policy with stock dependent and random substitution," OPSEARCH, Springer;Operational Research Society of India, vol. 57(4), pages 1205-1243, December.
    10. Sebatjane, Makoena & Adetunji, Olufemi, 2020. "A three-echelon supply chain for economic growing quantity model with price- and freshness-dependent demand: Pricing, ordering and shipment decisions," Operations Research Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 7(C).
    11. Chang, Chun-Tao & Ouyang, Liang-Yuh & Teng, Jinn-Tsair & Lai, Kuei-Kuei & Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo, 2019. "Manufacturer's pricing and lot-sizing decisions for perishable goods under various payment terms by a discounted cash flow analysis," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 83-95.
    12. Shi, Yan & Zhang, Zhiyong & Chen, Sheng-Chih & Cárdenas-Barrón, Leopoldo Eduardo & Skouri, Konstantina, 2020. "Optimal replenishment decisions for perishable products under cash, advance, and credit payments considering carbon tax regulations," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    13. Shi, Yan & Zhang, Zhiyong & Tiwari, Sunil & Yang, Lei, 2023. "Pricing and replenishment strategy for a perishable product under various payment schemes and cap-and-trade regulation," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    14. Dye, Chung-Yuan, 2020. "Optimal joint dynamic pricing, advertising and inventory control model for perishable items with psychic stock effect," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 283(2), pages 576-587.
    15. Feng, Lin & Chan, Ya-Lan, 2019. "Joint pricing and production decisions for new products with learning curve effects under upstream and downstream trade credits," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 272(3), pages 905-913.
    16. Li, Ruihai & Yang, Hui-Ling & Shi, Yan & Teng, Jinn-Tsair & Lai, Kuei-Kuei, 2021. "EOQ-based pricing and customer credit decisions under general supplier payments," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 289(2), pages 652-665.
    17. Xie, Jiaping & Wei, Lihong & Zhu, Weijun & Zhang, Weisi, 2021. "Platform supply chain pricing and financing: Who benefits from e-commerce consumer credit?," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    18. Ruihai Li & Jinn-Tsair Teng & Chun-Tao Chang, 2021. "Lot-sizing and pricing decisions for perishable products under three-echelon supply chains when demand depends on price and stock-age," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 307(1), pages 303-328, December.
    19. Alım, Muzaffer & Beullens, Patrick, 2020. "Joint inventory and distribution strategy for online sales with a flexible delivery option," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    20. Yan Shi & Zhiyong Zhang & Sunil Tiwari & Zhiwen Tao, 2022. "Retailer's optimal strategy for a perishable product with increasing demand under various payment schemes," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 315(2), pages 899-929, August.
    21. Yu-Chung Tsao & Aisyah Dewi Muthi’ah & Thuy-Linh Vu & Niniet Indah Arvitrida, 2021. "Supply chain network design under advance-cash-credit payment," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 305(1), pages 251-272, October.
    22. Wang, Haiyan & Zhan, Sha-lei & Ng, Chi To & Cheng, T.C.E., 2020. "Coordinating quality, time, and carbon emissions in perishable food production: A new technology integrating GERT and the Bayesian approach," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).

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