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Estimating the influence of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs in a large public transport network using smart card big data

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  • Arbex, Renato
  • Cunha, Claudio B.

Abstract

Accessibility metrics are gaining momentum in public transportation planning and policy-making. However, critical user experience issues such as crowding discomfort and travel time unreliability are still not considered in those accessibility indicators. This paper aims to apply a methodology to build spatiotemporal crowding data and estimate travel time variability in a congested public transport network to improve accessibility calculations. It relies on using multiple big data sources available in most transit systems such as smart card and automatic vehicle location (AVL) data. São Paulo, Brazil, is used as a case study to show the impact of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs. Our results evidence a population-weighted average reduction of 56.8% in accessibility to jobs in a regular workday morning peak due to crowding discomfort, as well as reductions of 6.2% due to travel time unreliability and 59.2% when both are combined. The findings of this study can be of invaluable help to public transport planners and policymakers, as they show the importance of including both aspects in accessibility indicators for better decision making. Despite some limitations due to data quality and consistency throughout the study period, the proposed approach offers a new way to leverage big data in public transport to enhance policy decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Arbex, Renato & Cunha, Claudio B., 2020. "Estimating the influence of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs in a large public transport network using smart card big data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:85:y:2020:i:c:s0966692319300092
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102671
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    3. Anson F Stewart & Andrew M Byrd, 2023. "Half-(head)way there: Comparing two methods to account for public transport waiting time in accessibility indicators," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(8), pages 2187-2202, October.
    4. Da Silva, Diego & Klumpenhouwer, Willem & Karner, Alex & Robinson, Mitchell & Liu, Rick & Shalaby, Amer, 2022. "Living on a fare: Modeling and quantifying the effects of fare budgets on transit access and equity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    5. Uğur Baç, 2020. "An Integrated SWARA-WASPAS Group Decision Making Framework to Evaluate Smart Card Systems for Public Transportation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-24, October.
    6. Luyu Liu & Adam Porr & Harvey J. Miller, 2023. "Realizable accessibility: evaluating the reliability of public transit accessibility using high-resolution real-time data," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 429-451, July.
    7. Denys Ponkratov & Denys Kopytkov & Victor Dolya, 2023. "A comprehensive analysis of the electronic fare collection systems effectiveness implementation on public transit and prospective directions of its application in Ukraine," Technology audit and production reserves, PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, vol. 4(2(72)), pages 51-54, August.
    8. Lin, Joanne Yuh-Jye & Jenelius, Erik & Cebecauer, Matej & Rubensson, Isak & Chen, Cynthia, 2023. "The equity of public transport crowding exposure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    9. Yang, Lan & Eom, Sunyong & Suzuki, Tsutomu, 2021. "Measuring railway network performance considering accessibility levels in cities worldwide," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    10. Frank, Laura & Dirks, Nicolas & Walther, Grit, 2021. "Improving rural accessibility by locating multimodal mobility hubs," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    11. Rafael H. M. Pereira & Pedro R. Andrade & João Pedro Bazzo Vieira, 2023. "Exploring the time geography of public transport networks with the gtfs2gps package," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 453-466, July.
    12. Pereira, Rafael H. M. & Andrade, Pedro R. & Bazzo Vieira, João Pedro, 2022. "Exploring the time geography of public transport networks with the gtfs2gps package," SocArXiv qydr6, Center for Open Science.

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