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Two are better than one: Cortisol as a contingency in the association between epinephrine and self-employment

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  • Wolfe, Marcus T.
  • Patel, Pankaj C.

Abstract

In the context of self-employment, which is characterized by risk and uncertainty, epinephrine could elicit a “fight or flight” response. However, little attention has been given to what factors could differentiate those who ‘fight’ (i.e. pursue self-employment) versus those who ‘fly’ (i.e. forgo pursuing self-employment). Moving from individual and social explanations on drivers of self-employment as an occupational choice, we propose that the association between epinephrine and self-employment could be conditional on levels of a second hormone, namely cortisol. Based on a sample of 273 individuals from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS 2) study, 2004–2006, and controlling for a wide variety of factors, epinephrine is not associated with self-employment on its own, however, it is associated with self-employment at low levels of cortisol. We are among the first to demonstrate a link between the dual influence of epinephrine and cortisol and self-employment.

Suggested Citation

  • Wolfe, Marcus T. & Patel, Pankaj C., 2017. "Two are better than one: Cortisol as a contingency in the association between epinephrine and self-employment," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 8(C), pages 78-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jobuve:v:8:y:2017:i:c:p:78-86
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbvi.2017.07.002
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    Cited by:

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    4. Daniel L. Bennett & Boris Nikolaev, 2021. "Historical Disease Prevalence, Cultural Values, and Global Innovation," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 45(1), pages 145-174, January.

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