IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jmvana/v105y2012i1p193-215.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with noise reduction via geometric representations

Author

Listed:
  • Yata, Kazuyoshi
  • Aoshima, Makoto

Abstract

In this article, we propose a new estimation methodology to deal with PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size (HDLSS) data. We first show that HDLSS datasets have different geometric representations depending on whether a ρ-mixing-type dependency appears in variables or not. When the ρ-mixing-type dependency appears in variables, the HDLSS data converge to an n-dimensional surface of unit sphere with increasing dimension. We pay special attention to this phenomenon. We propose a method called the noise-reduction methodology to estimate eigenvalues of a HDLSS dataset. We show that the eigenvalue estimator holds consistency properties along with its limiting distribution in HDLSS context. We consider consistency properties of PC directions. We apply the noise-reduction methodology to estimating PC scores. We also give an application in the discriminant analysis for HDLSS datasets by using the inverse covariance matrix estimator induced by the noise-reduction methodology.

Suggested Citation

  • Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2012. "Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with noise reduction via geometric representations," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 105(1), pages 193-215.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:105:y:2012:i:1:p:193-215
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jmva.2011.09.002
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047259X11001904
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jmva.2011.09.002?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Peter Hall & J. S. Marron & Amnon Neeman, 2005. "Geometric representation of high dimension, low sample size data," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 67(3), pages 427-444, June.
    2. Baik, Jinho & Silverstein, Jack W., 2006. "Eigenvalues of large sample covariance matrices of spiked population models," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(6), pages 1382-1408, July.
    3. Srivastava, Muni S., 2006. "Minimum distance classification rules for high dimensional data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 97(9), pages 2057-2070, October.
    4. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2010. "Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with singular value decomposition of cross data matrix," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(9), pages 2060-2077, October.
    5. Jeongyoun Ahn & J. S. Marron & Keith M. Muller & Yueh-Yun Chi, 2007. "The high-dimension, low-sample-size geometric representation holds under mild conditions," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 94(3), pages 760-766.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Makoto Aoshima & Kazuyoshi Yata, 2019. "Distance-based classifier by data transformation for high-dimension, strongly spiked eigenvalue models," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 71(3), pages 473-503, June.
    2. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "PCA consistency for the power spiked model in high-dimensional settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 334-354.
    3. Kazuyoshi Yata & Makoto Aoshima, 2020. "Geometric consistency of principal component scores for high‐dimensional mixture models and its application," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 47(3), pages 899-921, September.
    4. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "Correlation tests for high-dimensional data using extended cross-data-matrix methodology," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 313-331.
    5. Shabalin, Andrey A. & Nobel, Andrew B., 2013. "Reconstruction of a low-rank matrix in the presence of Gaussian noise," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 67-76.
    6. Liebscher, Eckhard & Okhrin, Ostap, 2023. "Semiparametric estimation of the high-dimensional elliptical distribution," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    7. Ishii, Aki & Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2022. "Geometric classifiers for high-dimensional noisy data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    8. Kristoffer H. Hellton & Magne Thoresen, 2017. "When and Why are Principal Component Scores a Good Tool for Visualizing High-dimensional Data?," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 44(3), pages 581-597, September.
    9. Nakayama, Yugo & Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2021. "Clustering by principal component analysis with Gaussian kernel in high-dimension, low-sample-size settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    10. Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun, 2022. "Perturbation theory for cross data matrix-based PCA," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    11. Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun & Chen, Ting-Li, 2020. "On asymptotic normality of cross data matrix-based PCA in high dimension low sample size," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    12. Borysov, Petro & Hannig, Jan & Marron, J.S., 2014. "Asymptotics of hierarchical clustering for growing dimension," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 465-479.
    13. Shen, Dan & Shen, Haipeng & Marron, J.S., 2013. "Consistency of sparse PCA in High Dimension, Low Sample Size contexts," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 317-333.
    14. Jonathan Gillard & Emily O’Riordan & Anatoly Zhigljavsky, 2023. "Polynomial whitening for high-dimensional data," Computational Statistics, Springer, vol. 38(3), pages 1427-1461, September.
    15. Bando, Takuma & Sei, Tomonari & Yata, Kazuyoshi, 2022. "Consistency of the objective general index in high-dimensional settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    16. Aki Ishii & Kazuyoshi Yata & Makoto Aoshima, 2021. "Hypothesis tests for high-dimensional covariance structures," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 73(3), pages 599-622, June.
    17. Makoto Aoshima & Kazuyoshi Yata, 2014. "A distance-based, misclassification rate adjusted classifier for multiclass, high-dimensional data," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 66(5), pages 983-1010, October.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "PCA consistency for the power spiked model in high-dimensional settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 334-354.
    2. Jung, Sungkyu & Sen, Arusharka & Marron, J.S., 2012. "Boundary behavior in High Dimension, Low Sample Size asymptotics of PCA," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 190-203.
    3. Makoto Aoshima & Kazuyoshi Yata, 2014. "A distance-based, misclassification rate adjusted classifier for multiclass, high-dimensional data," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 66(5), pages 983-1010, October.
    4. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2013. "Correlation tests for high-dimensional data using extended cross-data-matrix methodology," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 313-331.
    5. Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun, 2022. "Perturbation theory for cross data matrix-based PCA," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 190(C).
    6. Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2010. "Effective PCA for high-dimension, low-sample-size data with singular value decomposition of cross data matrix," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 101(9), pages 2060-2077, October.
    7. Wang, Shao-Hsuan & Huang, Su-Yun & Chen, Ting-Li, 2020. "On asymptotic normality of cross data matrix-based PCA in high dimension low sample size," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    8. Lee, Myung Hee, 2012. "On the border of extreme and mild spiked models in the HDLSS framework," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 162-168.
    9. Kazuyoshi Yata & Makoto Aoshima, 2012. "Inference on High-Dimensional Mean Vectors with Fewer Observations Than the Dimension," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 14(3), pages 459-476, September.
    10. Yugo Nakayama & Kazuyoshi Yata & Makoto Aoshima, 2020. "Bias-corrected support vector machine with Gaussian kernel in high-dimension, low-sample-size settings," Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Springer;The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, vol. 72(5), pages 1257-1286, October.
    11. Patrick K. Kimes & Yufeng Liu & David Neil Hayes & James Stephen Marron, 2017. "Statistical significance for hierarchical clustering," Biometrics, The International Biometric Society, vol. 73(3), pages 811-821, September.
    12. Borysov, Petro & Hannig, Jan & Marron, J.S., 2014. "Asymptotics of hierarchical clustering for growing dimension," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 465-479.
    13. Chung, Hee Cheol & Ahn, Jeongyoun, 2021. "Subspace rotations for high-dimensional outlier detection," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 183(C).
    14. Ishii, Aki & Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2022. "Geometric classifiers for high-dimensional noisy data," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 188(C).
    15. Shen, Dan & Shen, Haipeng & Marron, J.S., 2013. "Consistency of sparse PCA in High Dimension, Low Sample Size contexts," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 317-333.
    16. Jun Li, 2018. "Asymptotic normality of interpoint distances for high-dimensional data with applications to the two-sample problem," Biometrika, Biometrika Trust, vol. 105(3), pages 529-546.
    17. Miecznikowski Jeffrey C. & Gaile Daniel P. & Chen Xiwei & Tritchler David L., 2016. "Identification of consistent functional genetic modules," Statistical Applications in Genetics and Molecular Biology, De Gruyter, vol. 15(1), pages 1-18, March.
    18. Jianqing Fan & Yuan Liao & Martina Mincheva, 2013. "Large covariance estimation by thresholding principal orthogonal complements," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 75(4), pages 603-680, September.
    19. Nakayama, Yugo & Yata, Kazuyoshi & Aoshima, Makoto, 2021. "Clustering by principal component analysis with Gaussian kernel in high-dimension, low-sample-size settings," Journal of Multivariate Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).
    20. Kazuyoshi Yata & Makoto Aoshima, 2020. "Geometric consistency of principal component scores for high‐dimensional mixture models and its application," Scandinavian Journal of Statistics, Danish Society for Theoretical Statistics;Finnish Statistical Society;Norwegian Statistical Association;Swedish Statistical Association, vol. 47(3), pages 899-921, September.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jmvana:v:105:y:2012:i:1:p:193-215. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/622892/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.