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Emergency loans and collateral upgrades: How broker-dealers used Federal Reserve credit during the 2008 financial crisis

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  • Carlson, Mark
  • Macchiavelli, Marco

Abstract

During the 2008 financial crisis, the Federal Reserve established two emergency facilities for broker-dealers: one provided collateralized loans; the other, collateral upgrades. These facilities alleviated dealers’ funding pressures when access to repos backed by illiquid collateral deteriorated. The ability to upgrade collateral allowed dealers to continue funding their own illiquid inventories (avoiding potential firesales) and to provide better bond market liquidity. It also helped sustain dealers’ credit to hedge fund clients, which in turn posted relatively better returns.

Suggested Citation

  • Carlson, Mark & Macchiavelli, Marco, 2020. "Emergency loans and collateral upgrades: How broker-dealers used Federal Reserve credit during the 2008 financial crisis," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 137(3), pages 701-722.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:137:y:2020:i:3:p:701-722
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2020.03.005
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Schürhoff, Norman & Dieler, Tobias & Mancini, Loriano, 2021. "(In)efficient repo markets," CEPR Discussion Papers 15782, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Arun Gupta, 2021. "The Internal Capital Markets of Global Dealer Banks," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2021-036, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    3. Ralf R. Meisenzahl & Karen M. Pence, 2022. "Crisis Liquidity Facilities with Nonbank Counterparties: Lessons from the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility," Finance and Economics Discussion Series 2022-021, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).
    4. Cecilia R. Caglio & Adam Copeland & Antoine Martin, 2021. "The Value of Internal Sources of Funding Liquidity: U.S. Broker-Dealers and the Financial Crisis," Staff Reports 969, Federal Reserve Bank of New York.
    5. David Cimon & Adrian Walton, 2022. "Central Bank Liquidity Facilities and Market Making," Staff Working Papers 22-9, Bank of Canada.
    6. Anbil, Sriya & Carlson, Mark & Styczynski, Mary-Frances, 2023. "The effect of the Federal Reserve’s lending facility on PPP lending by commercial banks," Journal of Financial Intermediation, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    7. Richard H. Clarida, 2021. "Federal Reserve Independence: Foundations and Responsibilities: a speech at the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio (via livestream), November 30, 2021," Speech 93418, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Financial crisis; Lender of last resort; Repo; Collateral; Dealers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G01 - Financial Economics - - General - - - Financial Crises
    • G24 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Investment Banking; Venture Capital; Brokerage
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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