IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/insuma/v95y2020icp129-146.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

A continuous-time theory of reinsurance chains

Author

Listed:
  • Chen, Lv
  • Shen, Yang
  • Su, Jianxi

Abstract

A chain of reinsurance is a hierarchical system formed by the subsequent interactions among multiple (re)insurance agents, which is quite often encountered in practice. This paper proposes a novel continuous-time framework for studying the optimal reinsurance strategies within a chain of reinsurance. The transactions between reinsurance buyers and sellers are formulated by means of Stackelberg games, in order to reflect the conflicting interests and unequal negotiation powers in the bargaining process. Assuming the variance premium principle and the mean–variance criterion on the surplus processes, we solve the time-consistent optimal reinsurance demands and pricing strategies in explicit forms, which are surprisingly plain.

Suggested Citation

  • Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang & Su, Jianxi, 2020. "A continuous-time theory of reinsurance chains," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 129-146.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:95:y:2020:i:c:p:129-146
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2020.09.005
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668720301323
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only

    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2020.09.005?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Neil Doherty & Kent Smetters, 2005. "Moral Hazard in Reinsurance Markets," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 72(3), pages 375-391, September.
    2. Jorgensen, Steffen & Kort, Peter M. & Van Schijndel, Geert-Jan C. Th., 1989. "Optimal investment, financing, and dividends : A stackelberg differential game," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 339-377, July.
    3. Xiang Lin & Chunhong Zhang & Tak Siu, 2012. "Stochastic differential portfolio games for an insurer in a jump-diffusion risk process," Mathematical Methods of Operations Research, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research (GOR);Nederlands Genootschap voor Besliskunde (NGB), vol. 75(1), pages 83-100, February.
    4. Kanno, Masayasu, 2016. "The network structure and systemic risk in the global non-life insurance market," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 38-53.
    5. Øksendal, Bernt & Sandal, Leif & Ubøe, Jan, 2013. "Stochastic Stackelberg equilibria with applications to time-dependent newsvendor models," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 1284-1299.
    6. Cui, Xiangyu & Li, Duan & Shi, Yun, 2017. "Self-coordination in time inconsistent stochastic decision problems: A planner–doer game framework," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 91-113.
    7. Tan, Ken Seng & Wei, Pengyu & Wei, Wei & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2020. "Optimal dynamic reinsurance policies under a generalized Denneberg’s absolute deviation principle," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 282(1), pages 345-362.
    8. Lemaire, Jean & Quairiere, Jean-Pierre, 1986. "Chains of Reinsurance Revisited," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(2), pages 77-88, November.
    9. Wang, J. & Forsyth, P.A., 2011. "Continuous time mean variance asset allocation: A time-consistent strategy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 209(2), pages 184-201, March.
    10. Yichun Chi & Ming Zhou, 2017. "Optimal Reinsurance Design: A Mean-Variance Approach," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 1-14, January.
    11. Cui, Wei & Yang, Jingping & Wu, Lan, 2013. "Optimal reinsurance minimizing the distortion risk measure under general reinsurance premium principles," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(1), pages 74-85.
    12. Chiu, Mei Choi & Wong, Hoi Ying, 2011. "Mean-variance portfolio selection of cointegrated assets," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 35(8), pages 1369-1385, August.
    13. D'Ursel, Laurent & Lauwers, Marc, 1986. "Pareto optimal chains of reinsurance," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 20(4), pages 307-310.
    14. Tomas Björk & Agatha Murgoci & Xun Yu Zhou, 2014. "Mean–Variance Portfolio Optimization With State-Dependent Risk Aversion," Mathematical Finance, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 24(1), pages 1-24, January.
    15. Guillaume Plantin, 2006. "Does Reinsurance Need Reinsurers?," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 73(1), pages 153-168, March.
    16. Meng, Hui & Zhou, Ming & Siu, Tak Kuen, 2016. "Optimal reinsurance policies with two reinsurers in continuous time," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 182-195.
    17. Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang, 2018. "On A New Paradigm Of Optimal Reinsurance: A Stochastic Stackelberg Differential Game Between An Insurer And A Reinsurer," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 48(2), pages 905-960, May.
    18. Li, Bin & Li, Danping & Xiong, Dewen, 2016. "Alpha-robust mean-variance reinsurance-investment strategy," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 101-123.
    19. R. H. Strotz, 1955. "Myopia and Inconsistency in Dynamic Utility Maximization," The Review of Economic Studies, Review of Economic Studies Ltd, vol. 23(3), pages 165-180.
    20. Rob Kaas & Marc Goovaerts & Jan Dhaene & Michel Denuit, 2008. "Modern Actuarial Risk Theory," Springer Books, Springer, edition 2, number 978-3-540-70998-5, September.
    21. Gerber, Hans U., 1984. "Chains of reinsurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 3(1), pages 43-48, January.
    22. Chen, Lv & Shen, Yang, 2019. "Stochastic Stackelberg differential reinsurance games under time-inconsistent mean–variance framework," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 88(C), pages 120-137.
    23. Guerra, Manuel & Centeno, Maria de Lourdes, 2010. "Optimal Reinsurance for Variance Related Premium Calculation Principles 1," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 40(1), pages 97-121, May.
    24. Wang, Shaun S. & Young, Virginia R. & Panjer, Harry H., 1997. "Axiomatic characterization of insurance prices," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 21(2), pages 173-183, November.
    25. Guillaume Plantin, 2006. "Does Reinsurance Need Reinsurers?," Post-Print hal-03416025, HAL.
    26. Chen, Shumin & Li, Zhongfei & Zeng, Yan, 2014. "Optimal dividend strategies with time-inconsistent preferences," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 150-172.
    27. Boonen, Tim J. & Tan, Ken Seng & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2016. "The role of a representative reinsurer in optimal reinsurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 196-204.
    28. d'Ursel, L. & Lauwers, M., 1985. "Chains of reinsurance: Non-cooperative equilibria and pareto optimality," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 4(4), pages 279-285, October.
    29. Dutang, Christophe & Albrecher, Hansjoerg & Loisel, Stéphane, 2013. "Competition among non-life insurers under solvency constraints: A game-theoretic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 231(3), pages 702-711.
    30. Zhuang, Sheng Chao & Weng, Chengguo & Tan, Ken Seng & Assa, Hirbod, 2016. "Marginal Indemnification Function formulation for optimal reinsurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 65-76.
    31. Boonen, Tim J. & Tan, Ken Seng & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2016. "Pricing In Reinsurance Bargaining With Comonotonic Additive Utility Functions," ASTIN Bulletin, Cambridge University Press, vol. 46(2), pages 507-530, May.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yevhen Havrylenko & Maria Hinken & Rudi Zagst, 2022. "Risk sharing in equity-linked insurance products: Stackelberg equilibrium between an insurer and a reinsurer," Papers 2203.04053, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2023.
    2. Claire Mouminoux & Christophe Dutang & Stéphane Loisel & Hansjoerg Albrecher, 2022. "On a Markovian Game Model for Competitive Insurance Pricing," Methodology and Computing in Applied Probability, Springer, vol. 24(2), pages 1061-1091, June.
    3. Gabriela Zeller & Matthias Scherer, 2023. "Risk mitigation services in cyber insurance: optimal contract design and price structure," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 48(2), pages 502-547, April.
    4. Cao, Jingyi & Li, Dongchen & Young, Virginia R. & Zou, Bin, 2023. "Reinsurance games with two reinsurers: Tree versus chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(2), pages 928-941.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cheung, Ka Chun & Yam, Sheung Chi Phillip & Zhang, Yiying, 2019. "Risk-adjusted Bowley reinsurance under distorted probabilities," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 64-72.
    2. Cao, Jingyi & Li, Dongchen & Young, Virginia R. & Zou, Bin, 2023. "Reinsurance games with two reinsurers: Tree versus chain," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(2), pages 928-941.
    3. Liyuan Lin & Fangda Liu & Jingzhen Liu abd Luyang Yu, 2023. "The optimal reinsurance strategy with price-competition between two reinsurers," Papers 2305.00509, arXiv.org.
    4. Boonen, Tim J. & Jiang, Wenjun, 2022. "A marginal indemnity function approach to optimal reinsurance under the Vajda condition," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 303(2), pages 928-944.
    5. Anthropelos, Michail & Boonen, Tim J., 2020. "Nash equilibria in optimal reinsurance bargaining," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 196-205.
    6. Boonen, Tim J. & Tan, Ken Seng & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2021. "Optimal reinsurance with multiple reinsurers: Competitive pricing and coalition stability," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 101(PB), pages 302-319.
    7. Tim J. Boonen, 2016. "Optimal Reinsurance with Heterogeneous Reference Probabilities," Risks, MDPI, vol. 4(3), pages 1-11, July.
    8. Boonen, Tim J. & Ghossoub, Mario, 2023. "Bowley vs. Pareto optima in reinsurance contracting," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 307(1), pages 382-391.
    9. Asimit, Alexandru V. & Boonen, Tim J. & Chi, Yichun & Chong, Wing Fung, 2021. "Risk sharing with multiple indemnity environments," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 295(2), pages 587-603.
    10. Asimit, Vali & Boonen, Tim J., 2018. "Insurance with multiple insurers: A game-theoretic approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(2), pages 778-790.
    11. De Gennaro Aquino, Luca & Sornette, Didier & Strub, Moris S., 2023. "Portfolio selection with exploration of new investment assets," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 310(2), pages 773-792.
    12. Liyuan Wang & Zhiping Chen, 2019. "Stochastic Game Theoretic Formulation for a Multi-Period DC Pension Plan with State-Dependent Risk Aversion," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-16, January.
    13. Zhou, Zhou & Jin, Zhuo, 2020. "Optimal equilibrium barrier strategies for time-inconsistent dividend problems in discrete time," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 100-108.
    14. Han, Sangyong & Lai, Gene C. & Ho, Chia-Ling, 2018. "Corporate transparency and reserve management: Evidence from US property-liability insurance companies," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 379-392.
    15. Boonen, Tim J. & Tan, Ken Seng & Zhuang, Sheng Chao, 2016. "The role of a representative reinsurer in optimal reinsurance," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 70(C), pages 196-204.
    16. Cheung, Ka Chun & Phillip Yam, Sheung Chi & Yuen, Fei Lung & Zhang, Yiying, 2020. "Concave distortion risk minimizing reinsurance design under adverse selection," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 155-165.
    17. Hu, Duni & Chen, Shou & Wang, Hailong, 2018. "Robust reinsurance contracts with uncertainty about jump risk," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 266(3), pages 1175-1188.
    18. Greg Niehaus, 2023. "Personal taxes, cost of insurer equity capital, and the case of offshore hedge fund reinsurers," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 90(2), pages 249-281, June.
    19. John Lewis, 2010. "Reinsurers as financial intermediaries in the market for catastrophic risk," DNB Occasional Studies 802, Netherlands Central Bank, Research Department.
    20. Bai, Yanfei & Zhou, Zhongbao & Xiao, Helu & Gao, Rui & Zhong, Feimin, 2022. "A hybrid stochastic differential reinsurance and investment game with bounded memory," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 296(2), pages 717-737.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Stackelberg games; Variance principle; Mean–variance optimization; Time inconsistency; Systemic risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C61 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Optimization Techniques; Programming Models; Dynamic Analysis
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G22 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Insurance; Insurance Companies; Actuarial Studies

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:95:y:2020:i:c:p:129-146. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505554 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.