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Pricing maturity guarantee with dynamic withdrawal benefit

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  • Ko, Bangwon
  • Shiu, Elias S.W.
  • Wei, Li

Abstract

Motivated by the importance of withdrawal benefits for enhancing sales of variable annuities, we propose a new equity-linked product which provides a dynamic withdrawal benefit (DWB) during the contract period and a minimum guarantee at contract maturity. The term DWB is coined to reflect the duality between it and dynamic fund protection. Under the Black-Scholes framework and using results pertaining to reflected Brownian motion, we obtain explicit pricing formulas for the DWB payment stream and the maturity guarantee. These pricing formulas are also derived by means of Esscher transforms, which is another seminal contribution by Gerber to finance. In particular, we show that there are closed-form formulas for pricing European put and call options on a traded asset whose price can be modeled as the exponential of a reflected Brownian motion.

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  • Ko, Bangwon & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Wei, Li, 2010. "Pricing maturity guarantee with dynamic withdrawal benefit," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 47(2), pages 216-223, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:47:y:2010:i:2:p:216-223
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S. W., 1996. "Actuarial bridges to dynamic hedging and option pricing," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 183-218, November.
    2. Hans Gerber & Elias Shiu, 2003. "Geometric Brownian Motion Models for Assets and Liabilities: From Pension Funding to Optimal Dividends," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(3), pages 37-51.
    3. Hans Gerber & Gérard Pafumi, 2000. "Pricing Dynamic Investment Fund Protection," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 4(2), pages 28-37.
    4. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S. W., 1999. "From ruin theory to pricing reset guarantees and perpetual put options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 24(1-2), pages 3-14, March.
    5. Leung, Kwai Sun & Kwok, Yue Kuen & Leung, Seng Yuen, 2008. "Finite-time dividend-ruin models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(1), pages 154-162, February.
    6. Lee, Hangsuck, 2003. "Pricing equity-indexed annuities with path-dependent options," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(3), pages 677-690, December.
    7. Black, Fischer & Scholes, Myron S, 1973. "The Pricing of Options and Corporate Liabilities," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 637-654, May-June.
    8. Hans Gerber & Elias Shiu, 2003. "Pricing Perpetual Fund Protection with Withdrawal Option," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 7(2), pages 60-77.
    9. Hans Gerber & Elias Shiu, 1998. "Pricing Perpetual Options for Jump Processes," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 2(3), pages 101-107.
    10. Junichi Imai & Phelim Boyle, 2001. "Dynamic Fund Protection," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 31-47.
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    Cited by:

    1. Dean Buckner & Kevin Dowd & Hardy Hulley, 2022. "Arbitrage Problems with Reflected Geometric Brownian Motion," Papers 2201.05312, arXiv.org, revised Sep 2022.
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    3. Markus Hertrich & Heinz Zimmermann, 2017. "On the Credibility of the Euro/Swiss Franc Floor: A Financial Market Perspective," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 49(2-3), pages 567-578, March.
    4. Hertrich Markus, 2016. "The Costs of Implementing a Unilateral One-Sided Exchange Rate Target Zone," Review of Economics, De Gruyter, vol. 67(1), pages 91-120, May.
    5. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits with a threshold expense strategy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 79-90.
    6. Han, Heejae & Jeon, Junkee & Kang, Myungjoo, 2016. "Pricing chained dynamic fund protection," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C), pages 267-278.
    7. Gan, Guojun, 2013. "Application of data clustering and machine learning in variable annuity valuation," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 795-801.
    8. Zhou, Jiang & Wu, Lan, 2015. "The time of deducting fees for variable annuities under the state-dependent fee structure," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 61(C), pages 125-134.
    9. Daniel Doyle & Chris Groendyke, 2018. "Using Neural Networks to Price and Hedge Variable Annuity Guarantees," Risks, MDPI, vol. 7(1), pages 1-19, December.
    10. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2013. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits in jump diffusion models," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 615-623.
    11. R. Guy Thomas, 2023. "Long-term option pricing with a lower reflecting barrier," Papers 2302.05808, arXiv.org.
    12. Gerber, Hans U. & Shiu, Elias S.W. & Yang, Hailiang, 2012. "Valuing equity-linked death benefits and other contingent options: A discounted density approach," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 51(1), pages 73-92.
    13. Lee, Hangsuck & Kim, Eunchae & Ko, Bangwon, 2022. "Valuing lookback options with barrier," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C).

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