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Evaluating trade classification algorithms: Bulk volume classification versus the tick rule and the Lee-Ready algorithm

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  • Chakrabarty, Bidisha
  • Pascual, Roberto
  • Shkilko, Andriy

Abstract

We compare the accuracy of the bulk volume classification (BVC) to that of the tick rule (TR) and the Lee-Ready (LR) algorithm for a large sample of equities. TR and LR produce significantly better classifications than the BVC. This result applies to stocks of all sizes, including the most frequently traded. Iteratively optimizing the BVC improves its performance, but the conventional rules still outperform. TR and LR produce more accurate estimates of the volume-synchronized probability of informed trading. Order imbalances computed using TR and LR are comparable to those computed using the BVC in explaining returns, liquidity, and trading costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Chakrabarty, Bidisha & Pascual, Roberto & Shkilko, Andriy, 2015. "Evaluating trade classification algorithms: Bulk volume classification versus the tick rule and the Lee-Ready algorithm," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 52-79.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:25:y:2015:i:c:p:52-79
    DOI: 10.1016/j.finmar.2015.06.001
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    Cited by:

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    3. Xu, Liao & Xu, Lu & Zhao, Jing & Zhao, Yang, 2020. "Information-based trading and information propagation: Evidence from the exchange traded fund market," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    4. Mengyu Zhang & Thanos Verousis & Iordanis Kalaitzoglou, 2022. "Information and the arrival rate of option trading volume," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(4), pages 605-644, April.
    5. Easley, David & de Prado, Marcos Lopez & O'Hara, Maureen, 2016. "Discerning information from trade data," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 120(2), pages 269-285.
    6. Allen Carrion & Madhuparna Kolay, 2020. "Trade signing in fast markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 385-404, August.
    7. Abad, David & Massot, Magdalena & Pascual, Roberto, 2018. "Evaluating VPIN as a trigger for single-stock circuit breakers," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 21-36.
    8. Imtiaz Mohammad Sifat & Azhar Mohamad, 2019. "Circuit breakers as market stability levers: A survey of research, praxis, and challenges," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 24(3), pages 1130-1169, July.
    9. Vincent Grégoire & Charles Martineau, 2022. "How is Earnings News Transmitted to Stock Prices?," Journal of Accounting Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 60(1), pages 261-297, March.
    10. Hagströmer, Björn, 2021. "Bias in the effective bid-ask spread," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 142(1), pages 314-337.
    11. Sifat, Imtiaz Mohammad & Mohamad, Azhar, 2020. "A survey on the magnet effect of circuit breakers in financial markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 138-151.
    12. Bernile, Gennaro & Hu, Jianfeng & Tang, Yuehua, 2016. "Can information be locked up? Informed trading ahead of macro-news announcements," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 121(3), pages 496-520.
    13. Jurkatis, Simon, 2020. "Inferring trade directions in fast markets," Bank of England working papers 896, Bank of England.
    14. Jurkatis, Simon, 2022. "Inferring trade directions in fast markets," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    15. Rzayev, Khaladdin & Ibikunle, Gbenga, 2019. "A state-space modeling of the information content of trading volume," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 46(C).
    16. Su, Fei, 2021. "Conditional volatility persistence and volatility spillovers in the foreign exchange market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 55(C).
    17. Fei Su, 2018. "Essays on Price Discovery and Volatility Dynamics in the Foreign Exchange Market," PhD Thesis, Finance Discipline Group, UTS Business School, University of Technology, Sydney, number 2-2018.
    18. Liao Xu & Xiangkang Yin & Jing Zhao, 2022. "Are the flows of exchange‐traded funds informative?," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 51(4), pages 1165-1200, December.
    19. Abhinava Tripathi & Vipul & Alok Dixit, 0. "Liquidity commonality beyond best prices: Indian evidence," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 0, pages 1-19.
    20. Andriy Shkilko & Konstantin Sokolov, 2020. "Every Cloud Has a Silver Lining: Fast Trading, Microwave Connectivity, and Trading Costs," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 75(6), pages 2899-2927, December.
    21. Abhinava Tripathi & Vipul & Alok Dixit, 2020. "Liquidity commonality beyond best prices: Indian evidence," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(4), pages 355-373, July.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Trade classification; Bulk volume classification; Tick rule; Lee and Ready; VPIN;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G29 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Other

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