IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finlet/v40y2021ics1544612320306279.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Objective and subjective risks of investing into cryptocurrencies

Author

Listed:
  • Angerer, Martin
  • Hoffmann, Christian Hugo
  • Neitzert, Florian
  • Kraus, Sascha

Abstract

New empirical evidence on cryptocurrencies emerges rapidly, and it is thus necessary to consolidate the knowledge gained and identify the gaps therein. We provide a focused, systematic literature analysis of the objective and perceived risks of investing in cryptocurrencies using 50 papers from both the academic and practice-oriented literature. As an additional contribution, we identify three important and promising research avenues, which we contend should be the focus of future research: (i) subjective perception of risks, (ii) adoption of cryptocurrencies implementing innovation research and (iii) non-standard financial risks.

Suggested Citation

  • Angerer, Martin & Hoffmann, Christian Hugo & Neitzert, Florian & Kraus, Sascha, 2021. "Objective and subjective risks of investing into cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 40(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:40:y:2021:i:c:s1544612320306279
    DOI: 10.1016/j.frl.2020.101737
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1544612320306279
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101737?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Igor Makarov & Antoinette Schoar, 2019. "Price Discovery in Cryptocurrency Markets," AEA Papers and Proceedings, American Economic Association, vol. 109, pages 97-99, May.
    2. Gkillas, Konstantinos & Katsiampa, Paraskevi, 2018. "An application of extreme value theory to cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 109-111.
    3. Bahoo, Salman, 2020. "Corruption in banks: A bibliometric review and agenda," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 35(C).
    4. Yukun Liu & Aleh Tsyvinski, 2018. "Risks and Returns of Cryptocurrency," NBER Working Papers 24877, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    5. Hu, Bill & McInish, Thomas & Miller, Jonathan & Zeng, Li, 2019. "Intraday price behavior of cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 337-342.
    6. Urquhart, Andrew, 2017. "Price clustering in Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 145-148.
    7. Bariviera, Aurelio F. & Basgall, María José & Hasperué, Waldo & Naiouf, Marcelo, 2017. "Some stylized facts of the Bitcoin market," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 484(C), pages 82-90.
    8. Bouri, Elie & Gupta, Rangan & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Herding behaviour in cryptocurrencies," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 216-221.
    9. Maria Demertzis & Guntram B. Wolff, 2018. "The economic potential and risks of crypto assets- is a regulatory framework needed?," Policy Contributions 27194, Bruegel.
    10. ., 2019. "Financial markets since the crisis: a smorgasbord of issues," Chapters, in: Optimal Monetary Policy under Uncertainty, Second Edition, chapter 16, pages 377-409, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    11. Ardia, David & Bluteau, Keven & Rüede, Maxime, 2019. "Regime changes in Bitcoin GARCH volatility dynamics," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 266-271.
    12. Makarov, Igor & Schoar, Antoinette, 2019. "Price discovery in cryptocurrency markets," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 100410, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
    13. Lagoarde-Segot, Thomas, 2015. "Diversifying finance research: From financialization to sustainability," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-6.
    14. Vigne, Samuel A. & Lucey, Brian M. & O’Connor, Fergal A. & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2017. "The financial economics of white precious metals — A survey," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 292-308.
    15. Julio C. Mendoza-Tello & Higinio Mora & Francisco A. Pujol-López & Miltiadis D. Lytras, 2019. "Disruptive innovation of cryptocurrencies in consumer acceptance and trust," Information Systems and e-Business Management, Springer, vol. 17(2), pages 195-222, December.
    16. Brauneis, Alexander & Mestel, Roland, 2019. "Cryptocurrency-portfolios in a mean-variance framework," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 28(C), pages 259-264.
    17. Nadarajah, Saralees & Chu, Jeffrey, 2017. "On the inefficiency of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 6-9.
    18. Anil Savio Kavuri & Alistair Milne & Justine Wood, 2019. "What is new about cryptocurrencies? A visual analysis," CAMA Working Papers 2019-79, Centre for Applied Macroeconomic Analysis, Crawford School of Public Policy, The Australian National University.
    19. Koutmos, Dimitrios, 2018. "Return and volatility spillovers among cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 122-127.
    20. Sascha Kraus & Matthias Breier & Sonia Dasí-Rodríguez, 2020. "The art of crafting a systematic literature review in entrepreneurship research," International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Springer, vol. 16(3), pages 1023-1042, September.
    21. Wenjun Feng & Yiming Wang & Zhengjun Zhang, 2018. "Can cryptocurrencies be a safe haven: a tail risk perspective analysis," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 50(44), pages 4745-4762, September.
    22. Bouri, Elie & Shahzad, Syed Jawad Hussain & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Co-explosivity in the cryptocurrency market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 178-183.
    23. Baur, Dirk G. & Dimpfl, Thomas, 2018. "Asymmetric volatility in cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 148-151.
    24. Abdul Kabeer Kazi & Muhammad Adeel Mannan, 2013. "Factors affecting adoption of mobile banking in Pakistan: Empirical Evidence," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 2(3), pages 54-61, July.
    25. Corbet, Shaen & Lucey, Brian & Urquhart, Andrew & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 182-199.
    26. Michel Rauchs & Garrick Hileman, 2017. "Global Cryptocurrency Benchmarking Study," Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance Reports 201704-gcbs, Cambridge Centre for Alternative Finance, Cambridge Judge Business School, University of Cambridge.
    27. Darcy W.E. Allen, 2019. "Entrepreneurial Exit: Developing the Cryptoeconomy," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Melanie Swan & Jason Potts & Soichiro Takagi & Frank Witte & Paolo Tasca (ed.), Blockchain Economics: Implications of Distributed Ledgers Markets, Communications Networks, and Algorithmic Reality, chapter 10, pages 197-214, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    28. Urquhart, Andrew, 2016. "The inefficiency of Bitcoin," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 80-82.
    29. Platanakis, Emmanouil & Urquhart, Andrew, 2019. "Portfolio management with cryptocurrencies: The role of estimation risk," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 76-80.
    30. Zhang, Dayong & Zhang, Zhiwei & Managi, Shunsuke, 2019. "A bibliometric analysis on green finance: Current status, development, and future directions," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 425-430.
    31. Jeffrey Chu & Stephen Chan & Saralees Nadarajah & Joerg Osterrieder, 2017. "GARCH Modelling of Cryptocurrencies," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-15, October.
    32. Lagoarde-Segot, Thomas, 2015. "Diversifying finance research: From financialization to sustainability," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 39(C), pages 1-6.
    33. Fry, John & Cheah, Eng-Tuck, 2016. "Negative bubbles and shocks in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 343-352.
    34. Bouri, Elie & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Lucey, Brian & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Trading volume and the predictability of return and volatility in the cryptocurrency market," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 340-346.
    35. Calvin W. H. Cheong, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies vs global foreign exchange risk," Journal of Risk Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 20(4), pages 330-351, September.
    36. Campbell, Margaret C & Goodstein, Ronald C, 2001. "The Moderating Effect of Perceived Risk on Consumers' Evaluations of Product Incongruity: Preference for the Norm," Journal of Consumer Research, Journal of Consumer Research Inc., vol. 28(3), pages 439-449, December.
    37. Ji, Qiang & Bouri, Elie & Lau, Chi Keung Marco & Roubaud, David, 2019. "Dynamic connectedness and integration in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 257-272.
    38. Chimienti, Maria Teresa & Kochanska, Urszula & Pinna, Andrea, 2019. "Understanding the crypto-asset phenomenon, its risks and measurement issues," Economic Bulletin Articles, European Central Bank, vol. 5.
    39. Vidal-Tomás, David & Ibáñez, Ana M. & Farinós, José E., 2019. "Herding in the cryptocurrency market: CSSD and CSAD approaches," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 181-186.
    40. Andreas Oehler & Matthias Horn & Florian Wedlich, 2018. "Young adults’ subjective and objective risk attitude in financial decision making," Review of Behavioral Finance, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(3), pages 274-294, July.
    41. Zhang, Yuanyuan & Chan, Stephen & Chu, Jeffrey & Nadarajah, Saralees, 2019. "Stylised facts for high frequency cryptocurrency data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 513(C), pages 598-612.
    42. Wei, Wang Chun, 2018. "Liquidity and market efficiency in cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 21-24.
    43. Phillip, Andrew & Chan, Jennifer S.K. & Peiris, Shelton, 2018. "A new look at Cryptocurrencies," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 6-9.
    44. Borri, Nicola, 2019. "Conditional tail-risk in cryptocurrency markets," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1-19.
    45. ., 2019. "Financialising city infrastructure and governance," Chapters, in: Financialising City Statecraft and Infrastructure, chapter 2, pages 31-77, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yousaf, Imran & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2022. "Static and dynamic connectedness between NFTs, Defi and other assets: Portfolio implication," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 53(C).
    2. José Almeida & Tiago Cruz Gonçalves, 2022. "Portfolio Diversification, Hedge and Safe-Haven Properties in Cryptocurrency Investments and Financial Economics: A Systematic Literature Review," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 16(1), pages 1-25, December.
    3. José Almeida & Tiago Cruz Gonçalves, 2022. "A Systematic Literature Review of Volatility and Risk Management on Cryptocurrency Investment: A Methodological Point of View," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(5), pages 1-18, May.
    4. Siniša Bogdan & Natali Brmalj & Elvis Mujačević, 2023. "Impact of Liquidity and Investors Sentiment on Herd Behavior in Cryptocurrency Market," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-17, July.
    5. Bennett, Donyetta & Mekelburg, Erik & Williams, T.H., 2023. "BeFi meets DeFi: A behavioral finance approach to decentralized finance asset pricing," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    6. Yongzhi Gong & Xiaofei Tang & En-Chung Chang, 2023. "Group norms and policy norms trigger different autonomous motivations for Chinese investors in cryptocurrency investment," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-10, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Aurelio F. Bariviera & Ignasi Merediz‐Solà, 2021. "Where Do We Stand In Cryptocurrencies Economic Research? A Survey Based On Hybrid Analysis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 35(2), pages 377-407, April.
    2. Helder Miguel Correia Virtuoso Sebastião & Paulo José Osório Rupino Da Cunha & Pedro Manuel Cortesão Godinho, 2021. "Cryptocurrencies and blockchain. Overview and future perspectives," International Journal of Economics and Business Research, Inderscience Enterprises Ltd, vol. 21(3), pages 305-342.
    3. Corbet, Shaen & Lucey, Brian & Urquhart, Andrew & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies as a financial asset: A systematic analysis," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 182-199.
    4. Vidal-Tomás, David, 2021. "The entry and exit dynamics of the cryptocurrency market," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 58(C).
    5. Flori, Andrea, 2019. "News and subjective beliefs: A Bayesian approach to Bitcoin investments," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 336-356.
    6. De Pace, Pierangelo & Rao, Jayant, 2023. "Comovement and instability in cryptocurrency markets," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 83(C), pages 173-200.
    7. Caporale, Guglielmo Maria & Kang, Woo-Young & Spagnolo, Fabio & Spagnolo, Nicola, 2021. "Cyber-attacks, spillovers and contagion in the cryptocurrency markets," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 74(C).
    8. Yuzhi Cai & Thanaset Chevapatrakul & Danilo V. Mascia, 2021. "How is price explosivity triggered in the cryptocurrency markets?," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 307(1), pages 37-51, December.
    9. Bedi, Prateek & Nashier, Tripti, 2020. "On the investment credentials of Bitcoin: A cross-currency perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    10. Yaya, OlaOluwa S. & Ogbonna, Ahamuefula E. & Olubusoye, Olusanya E., 2019. "How persistent and dynamic inter-dependent are pricing of Bitcoin to other cryptocurrencies before and after 2017/18 crash?," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 531(C).
    11. Fan Fang & Carmine Ventre & Michail Basios & Leslie Kanthan & David Martinez-Rego & Fan Wu & Lingbo Li, 2022. "Cryptocurrency trading: a comprehensive survey," Financial Innovation, Springer;Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, vol. 8(1), pages 1-59, December.
    12. Yu, Dejian & Sheng, Libo, 2021. "Influence difference main path analysis: Evidence from DNA and blockchain domain citation networks," Journal of Informetrics, Elsevier, vol. 15(4).
    13. Constandina Koki & Stefanos Leonardos & Georgios Piliouras, 2019. "A Peek into the Unobservable: Hidden States and Bayesian Inference for the Bitcoin and Ether Price Series," Papers 1909.10957, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2021.
    14. Mensi, Walid & Al-Yahyaee, Khamis Hamed & Wanas Al-Jarrah, Idries Mohammad & Vo, Xuan Vinh & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2021. "Does volatility connectedness across major cryptocurrencies behave the same at different frequencies? A portfolio risk analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 96-113.
    15. Almeida, José & Gonçalves, Tiago Cruz, 2023. "A systematic literature review of investor behavior in the cryptocurrency markets," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 37(C).
    16. Lennart Ante, 2020. "A place next to Satoshi: foundations of blockchain and cryptocurrency research in business and economics," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 124(2), pages 1305-1333, August.
    17. Arthur A. B. Pessa & Matjaz Perc & Haroldo V. Ribeiro, 2023. "Age and market capitalization drive large price variations of cryptocurrencies," Papers 2302.12319, arXiv.org.
    18. Nikolaos A. Kyriazis, 2019. "A Survey on Efficiency and Profitable Trading Opportunities in Cryptocurrency Markets," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-17, April.
    19. Andrea Flori, 2019. "Cryptocurrencies In Finance: Review And Applications," International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Finance (IJTAF), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 22(05), pages 1-22, August.
    20. Hasan, Mudassar & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Arif, Muhammad & Yarovaya, Larisa, 2021. "Higher moment connectedness in cryptocurrency market," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Cryptocurrencies; Risk; Risk perception; Investment; Systematic literature review;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F31 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - Foreign Exchange
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions
    • G41 - Financial Economics - - Behavioral Finance - - - Role and Effects of Psychological, Emotional, Social, and Cognitive Factors on Decision Making in Financial Markets

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finlet:v:40:y:2021:i:c:s1544612320306279. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/frl .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.