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Parabolic trough collectors for industrial process heat in Cyprus

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  • Kalogirou, Soteris A

Abstract

The thermal utilization of solar energy is usually confined to domestic hot water systems and somewhat to space heating at temperatures up to 60 °C. Industrial process heat has a considerable potential for solar energy utilization. Cyprus has a small isolated energy system, almost totally dependent on imported fuels to meet its energy demand. The abundance of solar radiation together with a good technological base, created favorable conditions for the exploitation of solar energy in the island. The number of units in operation today corresponds to one heater for every 3.7 people in the island, which is a world record. Despite this impressive record no solar industrial process heat system is in operation today. The main problem for this is the big expenditure required for such a system and the uncertainty of the benefits. The objective of this work was to investigate the viability of using parabolic trough collectors for industrial heat generation in Cyprus. The system is analyzed both thermally and economically with TRNSYS and the TMY for Nicosia, Cyprus, in order to show the magnitude of the expected benefits. The load is hot water delivered at 85 °C at a flow rate of 2000 kg/h for the first three quarters of each hour from 8:00–16:00 h, 5 days a week. The system consists of an array of parabolic trough collectors, hot water storage tank, piping and controls. The optimum collector area for the present application is 300 m2, the optimum collector flow rate is 54 kg/m2 h and the optimum storage tank size is 25 m3. The system covers 50% of the annual load of the system and gives life cycle savings of about C£6200 (€10800). This amount represent the money saved from the use of the system against paying for fuel. The savings however refer to a non-subsidized fuel price, which will be in effect from 2003. The optimum system can deliver a total of 896 GJ per year and avoids 208 tons of CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. The effect of various design changes on the system performance was investigated. The E–W tracking system (collector axis aligned in N–S direction) was found to be superior to the N–S one. The required load temperature affects the performance of the system as for higher temperatures the auxiliary energy required is bigger. Also a number of variations in the load use pattern have been investigated and presented in this paper. It was found that the bigger the load (double shift, full hour use pattern) the bigger the collector area required, the greater the first year fuel savings and the greater the life cycle savings of the installation. This means that it is more viable to apply solar industrial process heat to higher energy consumption industries.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalogirou, Soteris A, 2002. "Parabolic trough collectors for industrial process heat in Cyprus," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 27(9), pages 813-830.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:27:y:2002:i:9:p:813-830
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(02)00018-X
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    6. Sallaberry, Fabienne & Pujol-Nadal, Ramón & Martínez-Moll, Víctor & Torres, José-Luis, 2014. "Optical and thermal characterization procedure for a variable geometry concentrator: A standard approach," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 842-852.
    7. Fernández-García, Aránzazu & Valenzuela, Loreto & Zarza, Eduardo & Rojas, Esther & Pérez, Manuel & Hernández-Escobedo, Quetzalcoatl & Manzano-Agugliaro, Francisco, 2018. "SMALL-SIZED parabolic-trough solar collectors: Development of a test loop and evaluation of testing conditions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 401-415.
    8. Cabrera, F.J. & Fernández-García, A. & Silva, R.M.P. & Pérez-García, M., 2013. "Use of parabolic trough solar collectors for solar refrigeration and air-conditioning applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 103-118.
    9. Kumaresan, Govindaraj & Sridhar, Rahulram & Velraj, Ramalingom, 2012. "Performance studies of a solar parabolic trough collector with a thermal energy storage system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 47(1), pages 395-402.
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    12. Moradi, Hamid & Mirjalily, Seyed Ali Agha & Oloomi, Seyed Amir Abbas & Karimi, Hajir, 2022. "Performance evaluation of a solar air heating system integrated with a phase change materials energy storage tank for efficient thermal energy storage and management," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C), pages 974-986.
    13. Farjana, Shahjadi Hisan & Huda, Nazmul & Mahmud, M.A. Parvez & Saidur, R., 2018. "Solar process heat in industrial systems – A global review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2270-2286.
    14. Cavallaro, Fausto & Zavadskas, Edmundas Kazimieras & Streimikiene, Dalia & Mardani, Abbas, 2019. "Assessment of concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies based on a modified intuitionistic fuzzy topsis and trigonometric entropy weights," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 258-270.
    15. Sharma, Ashish K. & Sharma, Chandan & Mullick, Subhash C. & Kandpal, Tara C., 2017. "Solar industrial process heating: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 124-137.
    16. Manikandan, G.K. & Iniyan, S. & Goic, Ranko, 2019. "Enhancing the optical and thermal efficiency of a parabolic trough collector – A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 1524-1540.
    17. Xu, Chengmu & Chen, Zhiping & Li, Ming & Zhang, Peng & Ji, Xu & Luo, Xi & Liu, Jiangtao, 2014. "Research on the compensation of the end loss effect for parabolic trough solar collectors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 128-139.
    18. Zou, Bin & Yao, Yang & Jiang, Yiqiang & Yang, Hongxing, 2018. "A new algorithm for obtaining the critical tube diameter and intercept factor of parabolic trough solar collectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 451-467.
    19. Abdelhamid Ajbar & Bilal Lamrani & Emad Ali, 2023. "Dynamic Investigation of a Coupled Parabolic Trough Collector–Phase Change Material Tank for Solar Cooling Process in Arid Climates," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-25, May.
    20. Ajbar, Wassila & Parrales, A. & Huicochea, A. & Hernández, J.A., 2022. "Different ways to improve parabolic trough solar collectors’ performance over the last four decades and their applications: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    21. Ktistis, Panayiotis & Agathokleous, Rafaela A. & Kalogirou, Soteris A., 2022. "A design tool for a parabolic trough collector system for industrial process heat based on dynamic simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 502-514.
    22. Li, Ming & Xu, Chengmu & Ji, Xu & Zhang, Peng & Yu, Qiongfen, 2015. "A new study on the end loss effect for parabolic trough solar collectors," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 382-394.

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